- Location
- Washington, USA
If, in Saving Private Ryan or similar, somebody considered their available tactical options to be:If I've understood you correctly, that doesn't cast Hazou's behaviour as valorous self-sacrifice, it's still minimizing-our-odds-of-losing-the-game.
a) enemy tank continues advancing, high risk my entire squad is wiped, mission fails, or
b) I run up with a sticky bomb, maybe get shot in the process, much better chance buddies survive and/or succeed
...and picked B, is that not generally still regarded as some meaningful degree of valorous self-sacrifice, even though they'd die with higher probability in scenario A, just a few minutes later?
That's just Executive functions - Wikipedia , though, not what people usually mean when they talk about "altruism" or "selfishness." Those two concepts are rooted in preindustrial resource-allocation / prisoner's-dilemma problems.Would you explain why you disagree? I can't see how it's possible to choose something that goes against your own preferences at the time. You might regret some choices later, but in the moment you act according to your own desires/instincts.
When somebody advances the interests of their own group, an allied group, or neutrals who might reasonably become allies, to their own short-term detriment and without explicit promise of compensation, that's called altruism, and regarded as virtuous because, in the grand scheme of things, people like that are very useful to have around, but sometimes need extra maintenance to survive those "own short-term detriment" phases. Jimmy Stewart's character in It's A Wonderful Life is the standard pop-culture example.
Conversely, when somebody interacts with nominal allies in negative-sum ways, to their own short-term benefit, that's called selfishness and regarded very badly even when not otherwise breaking any explicit rules because, in a marginal-subsistence context, such a pattern of behavior poses a potential threat to the whole group's survival.
In both cases modern "benefit" and "detriment" often get measured in terms of money, or fuzzier things like pleasure or status or political goals, but it originally meant food (or other rivalrous, labor-intensive necessities of survival, such as clothing), and the further away it gets from things which could be cashed out into food, the less coherent the logic.