At no point is the Tower paying for anything from what I can see? They're just Ebay, and we're throwing things to sell on their marketplace. Half of what we throw on there has a predictated price.
Is this not how it goes down?
My understanding was that "50% must be sold at the fixed Tower rate" meant "the tower will buy up to 50% of your seals at this price, and you need to sell them at that price if not selling to the Tower."
So, as an example, lets say explosive seals have current market demand of X ryo / seal. The Tower is salty that they aren't getting explosives for free anymore due to collusion against them, but are willing to pay up to X / 2 for the seals to prevent a ninja revolt.
For the purposes of modeling, we'll treat the tower as independent from the rest of the economy. If the tower buys all their 50% of the market, then we have our simplest case where the general populace buys seals for X. If the tower needs more than 50% of the market, they'll begin buying seals at X, increasing demand, theoretically raising the price which explosive seals sell at (if seal masters bother following demand -- actual retailers IRL often don't, but that's a separate conversation).
If the Tower buys less than 50% of the explosive seals, then we have a weird split in the market, where half the seals are sold at X / 2. This does not in theory adjust the demand of the market, but it does increase the supply by up to 50%, which will reduce the optimal price (again, if sealmasters are actually following demand curves) this implies that market prices will lower below X.
Depending on the supply and demand modeling you use, you'll get different results, but I don't think you'll find a ultimate price change of more than 50% due to the supply doubling.
Basically, the only time where the market price of the seals will go below the tower price is if the Tower normally buys a large amount of the seals, but doesn't happen to buy them at that moment, or if the Tower set their price above the market demand for some reason (which I assume they would quickly correct if that were the case).
Effectively, so far as I'm aware the "exploit" that people are discussing boils down to little more than "buy when prices are low then sell when they're high" which, uh, isn't something unique to the licensing and is likely more dependent on the demand (which is largely going to be dictated by the Tower as the primary purchases of these seals).