Ancient Egyptian paintings and carvings depict otherwise healthy people with withered limbs, and children walking with canes at a young age.
[4] It is theorized that the
Roman Emperor Claudius was stricken as a child, and this caused him to walk with a limp for the rest of his life.
[5] Perhaps the earliest recorded case of poliomyelitis is that of
Sir Walter Scott. In 1773 Scott was said to have developed "a severe
teething fever which deprived him of the power of his right leg".
[6] At the time, polio was not known to medicine. A
retrospective diagnosis of polio is considered to be strong due to the detailed account Scott later made,
[7] and the resultant lameness of his left leg had an important effect on his life and writing.
[8]
The symptoms of poliomyelitis have been described by many names. In the early nineteenth century the disease was known variously as: Dental Paralysis, Infantile Spinal Paralysis, Essential Paralysis of Children, Regressive Paralysis, Myelitis of the Anterior Horns, Tephromyelitis (from the
Greek tephros, meaning "ash-gray") and Paralysis of the Morning.
[9]In 1789 the first clinical description of poliomyelitis was provided by the British physician
Michael Underwood—he refers to polio as "a debility of the lower extremities".
[10] The first medical report on poliomyelitis was by
Jakob Heine, in 1840; he called the disease Lähmungszustände der unteren Extremitäten ("Paralysis of the lower Extremities").
[11] Karl Oskar Medin was the first to empirically study a poliomyelitis epidemic in 1890.
[12] This work, and the prior classification by Heine, led to the disease being known as Heine-Medin disease.