The extrapolated future form of the current education system will not try to intervene to make sure no one is advancing ahead of the norm. Communities lacking in top-tier education facilties will reap less rewards from society, and the setup will always produce an education gap between urban centres and rural communes. This is unfortunate perhaps, but practical from the perspective of governance.
Your proposal on the other hand is to setup a system where communal education facilities are constantly regulated by the central government that constantly intervenes to correct imbalances and unfair advantages. Which raises the question of how you plan to run such a micromanaging system like that, with all of its minute details, on a state-wide scale without a sprawling bureaucracy. Who's going to set the curriculum, collate and compare children performances, observe and report on local practices, decide what aspects are unfair and fair, quantify what resources to take away or give out, oversee the chain of command and resources to make sure everything gets where they need to get to, dole out punishments to communities guilty of cheating the system, handle complaints and accusations of unfairness, and every other little detail that needs to be taken care of? And the biggest problem of all, how are you going to make sure that at all those steps the assigned people are doing what they're supposed to do and nothing more? And who's going to watch the watchmen to make sure they're not taking bribes to look away? Are you going to base all that on an honour system, just hope that everyone is objective, altruistic, and honest? Will you assign all power to a handful of all powerful officials, who'll no doubt get ground down with the ridiculous workload? This is a monstrosity of a government you're dreaming up here, with all the high minded ideals and impracticality that mark every single utopian endeavours in history.
Okay, I said I was having fun here and I still am, but it's getting a bit tiresome to have to keep repeating the same points. I am
not advocating for micromanagement from the central government, because that
would turn into the sort of bureaucratic nightmare you're describing. I am advocating for a system whereby the central government sets down rules for provincial governments to follow, which in turn establish standards for communities within those provinces, and so on. This is essentially an evolution of the same system we have now, just with the addition of child-rearing to the responsibilities of the local communities (and thus the addition of its regulation to the responsibilities of the higher levels of government). Adding roles to the government will, of course, always somewhat increase the demands on the bureaucracy; however, I do not see how incorporating a single new area into the state's remit will inevitably result in a massive increase in corruption and inefficiency.
Also, yes, I realize that our current bureaucracy is
already deeply corrupt; however, I contend that it will be less so in a system without noble families to develop elaborate structures of patronage and favoritism. Add to that the advancements in technology that would be necessary before I would even
want to implement my proposed system, which would dramatically increase the practicality and reliability of reporting, and the social values emphasizing the community over the individual that would discourage (while, admittedly, likely not eliminating) focus on personal wealth and status over the good of society. The result seems unlikely to be
worse than our current system on that front, though some of the relevant improvements (chiefly the technological ones) should come whether or not we pursue my desired system.
People favor their own children, and upbringing would rapidly become only nominally communal. The only reason even the shell of communalism would remain is because people would use it as a pretext for feeding their children or offloading childrearing costs onto the community itself, which is what I meant by "pawning off". People would officially have no bias towards any given child based on their heredity while entirely coincidentally favoring the kids that just so happen to be related to them.
Communal upbringing would become a toxic institution very fast, as people bicker backstage to give their kids a leg up and the patricians find a way to sidestep it entirely. That's what I mean by "some children are more equal than others": the system would be egalitarian in only in the most facile sense, and at the most fundamental level would be used as a tool against equality. Trying to prevent that would require a complete overhaul of our society that has a very high probablity of going pear-shaped, and functioning oversight would require a staggeringly huge bureaucracy. This needs true social engineering, and we currently lack the fine-tuning capability to make social engineering feasible.
Fortunately, the only presently feasible steps in that direction that I can think of are things we want to do anyway. Universal basic education, a formal system for wards of the state, and increasing community consciousness are all items already on our checklist. Given that we both agree it's not happening right now, and that we're going to be taking steps in that direction already, I think we should shelve the argument for now.
If you want to fiat that it's impossible to develop social values such that people legitimately don't favor their biological descendants, then fine, make it so they don't even get to know who their biological descendants
are. Children are taken immediately from birth to be raised by the community, with parents at best being able to guess based on visual resemblance who's actually related to them. If you think that guessing would be too much of a problem, then have nearby communities transfer children among themselves so that parents do not have access to their offspring at all. Each of these steps somewhat increases the challenges of implementation and so should not be introduced immediately, as I don't believe it's as impossible as you claim to overcome the relevant challenges without them, but if they prove necessary solutions are available.
"Complete overhaul of our society" is in fact part of the game plan here; you may have missed it but I stated that the system I want would most likely be possible to implement only in the wake of a societal collapse, preferably engineered by us to maximize the odds of a suitable successor state emerging. This also provides an answer to your concern about our social-engineering capabilities - while our precision may be limited, repeated "generations" of civilization should allow us to achieve our desired results through trial and error.
While I agree with your goals, I do not think the argument is irrelevant to our current actions because I am in favor of other steps for which the rest of the thread does not seem to share my desire. For instance, I consider it a necessary priority to curtail the power of the Patricians even at steep cost, so as to prevent them from entrenching themselves so deeply that they are even more trouble to uproot when the time comes.