The Klingons aren't a solidly united polity, and one of their massed attacks just got totally wiped out.The numbers as given don't make sense producing a result other than the Federation losing to the Klingons.
If there isn't an immediate firing circle over who's to blame for all the losses against an easy target, it's because the Klingon leadership is burning resources to delay it.
That that massed attack was probably a concentration of the forces of one internal faction or another - a faction that has just gotten much weaker, and came from one of the more aggressive wings at that - won't help.
Edit: Also. Klingons need to maintain a certain minimum amount of firepower just to maintain their empire; if they don't have forces going around to collect taxes, their holdings break away. It's the old predator vs. herbivore dichotomy: predators are, by necessity, cowards. Herbivores go down trying to take you with them.
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