There is no budget.
Some people are screaming that there is a budget, and that we are already way over it; they are comparing our build to the cost we've been given for a canon Constitution.
I believe this comparison is unhelpful, for a number of reasons.
1) In-universe, nobody else 'knows' about the canon Connie. The Ship Procurement Board (or whoever) isn't going to be wringing their hands about how our ship is so much more expensive than it 'should have been'; they don't know anything about that alternate timeline. What they will see is their two best (only?) ship design groups jointly coming to them and saying "here, this is the best ship we could possibly build you."
Some may think our ship may still wind up a little too rich for their blood. Bear with me.
2) It has been acknowledged that our Federation is wealthier than canon, due to our success with the Pharos and Archer. This is not a sufficient justification on its own, but it does provide a multiplicative effect for the other arguments.
3) This is the big one: Starfleet asked us to design an
actual warship; Starfleet hates building warships, yet they specifically requested one this time. This is because Starfleet knows that none of our other ships can stand up to Klingon heavies, in speed or firepower. We can't upgrade our fleet to Warp 8, so whatever this ship is, it has to be able to stand in for the rest of the fleet.
I'm of the opinion that Starfleet is going to build as many of this ship as it can fit into berths.
(and it's small enough to fit into a lot of berths)
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The brief we were given:
The metrics are simple: it needs to take a punch and hit back, the cheaper the better. While Starfleet will never say no to engineering and scientific capability, what it really needs is something to dissuade the eruption of open hostility with neighbouring powers. Increased spending needs to be tactically justifiable, and the more ships the fleetyards can pump out of the resulting heavy cruiser design the better. For that reason the expectation is the ship should mass around two hundred thousand tons, which is what your cost and efficiency metrics are assuming.
A lot of folks are focusing on the "the cheaper the better" part. I'm of the opinion that we kinda meet that criteria by default.
We could, given free reign, have designed something
huge - that is our typical MO. Instead of designing the biggest baddest most expensive fleetkiller ever, we were restricted to a brief of "around two hundred thousand tons", and we actually went under that at 180kt. Our hull choices have already restricted module bloat, as evidenced by ongoing complaints that it's impossible to make this ship into a proper Explorer.
That's good. A proper Explorer would be expensive; this is us building a cheap ship.
We have bought: smaller hull, better armor, fancier engines, more forward torpedos, fewer forward phasers, and fuller rear armament than we could have otherwise. I believe the two Type 3 thrusters should have been 3xT2s, but every other choice we have made has either been for cost savings, or (im my opinion) has been "tactically justifiable".
Now we're picking shields. I think Heavy Covariant
might be a bit pricey, but it still could be justified with increased survivability. Heavy Type 1 or Standard Covariant are perfectly in line with the requested ability to "take a punch".
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In summary: we don't need to worry about cost; this is turning out to be a very capable ship, not a boondoggle.