[ ] 1: Astrometrics (+2 Science)
No contest
[ ] 2: Secondary Computer Core (+1 Science) [+1 Civilian Industry]
[ ] 2: Biological-Rated Transporter Room (Transporter Capability)
IMO a second core synergizes really well with almost anything to speed up processing so you can figure something out quicker. If you need simulations to make an informed decision on escaping that wedgie faster computers will help.
OTOH transporters are the things that let you do quick evac and deployment. You get a distress call you can beam folk to the (small or large) medbay/quarantine. If you need to plop some folk on an asteroid or high location in a windy environment and there isn't magic anti-transporter interference then this avoids the risks of trying to put a shuttle there. Speeding up deployment/evacuation and sample collection (as well as the filtering out foreign stuff from a transporter pattern) are all things that would have a surprisingly large impact on mission speed and safety.
[ ] 3: Science Labs (+2 Science)
Easy choice despite my love of giving Trip/La Forge room to work miracles.
[ ] 4: Biosciences/Medical Laboratory (+2 Science)
[ ] 4: Deflector Array Sensor Analysis (+1 Science, Advanced Scanners)
Long distance scanning = safer platform to run away from (or prepare for) trouble, more likely to find useful things.
But if we want to check potential colonies for safety doing lab work on plants, animals, microbes, and soil samples all feel like they'd be important. I don't think we've finished doing this on earth so having more room to basically get detail on biospheres means safer colonies quicker. Ditto mining outposts, epidemic/natural disaster support, first contact support situations (Didn't some aliens almost kill Porthos because of this), and distress calls.
I could see these ships working as part of science partnership/exchange efforts or sent to do science support as diplomatic outreach since they're nearby until a more impressive ship shows up. While doing so who knows what kinds of other aliens are on the world we're interacting with (traders, visitors, etc) since it's early days a lot of vaccination, odor sensitivity, and transmission stuff is still probably TBD. Edit: Also wacky foodstocks from our new friends during resupply (might only be for received gifts/alcohol).
Another vote with good and difficult choices.