For example, it might mean being at lady Cai's meeting at Mid Silver. If she is trying to woo us and we are mid silver when two week ago we were peak gold, she will try to woo us harder and this by itself might give us a free "+3 weeks of efforts".
Fair enough; the model I described doesn't appropriately capture external interactions.
For example, back when we were in Elder Su's class, extra advances at the time were more valuable then their pure time/progress values would suggest because they also earned us extra rewards. Similarly, although we chose not to, breaking through before the Thunderdome would have been especially helpful - not just because it gave us progress, but because it did so in time for a special event. As a third example, if we were actually one year where we were supposed to be instead of just one year behind the previous class, the sect would basically write us off, meaning that a bunch of bonuses we might otherwise get we don't get.
On the other hand, I think that extra progress has a chance to proc
negative external effects; e.g. making people more jealous, making us acceptable targets to higher-cultivation peers, etc. So all in all, unless there is a
specific external reason that we need time-sensitive advances, I feel like it is best to ignore the effect of this category.
It might mean getting more returns for harder missions with less effort, giving more resources and making the starlight actually a non-sacrifice by itself, and so on and so forth.
This is double counting. We already know that being more advanced means that you get more out of each action; so of course if we take the same exact actions in two cases the case where we were more advanced would get better results. But just like the fact that we get more dice for each cultivation action by being more advanced, this is already accounted for. Your discrepancy comes from the fact that for the more advanced case, you are effectively doing your actions
later, at least as far as cultivation is concerned. If you just pushed back said actions in the original plan to match up cultivation-wise, the discrepancy in results would go away.
As a litmus test, consider my 1yr example. If we were behind a year, would we be having more problems with Gathering missions than we are now? Not at all.
It's not a isolated "yeah, we are getting one week in advance, that's all" because everything plays together. There are thresholds, and while this is not the case of "getting to green a week before our 20th birthday or a week after", there are cases, many of them, when one week won = a month won several months down the line.
If one week could be leveraged into a month several months down the line, we should precommit to pushing anything external encounter that isn't time-sensitive down a week; that would get us lots of gains, no?
I truly think this is the case, if only because of the effects on EPC or SCS. SCS for example we can't afford to train it right now because it is just shy of getting to SCS3 in one action, while if we were silver we could get that reliably. Especially if we do the Meizhen action this turn. there are many things where the difference between 'mid silver' and not give so much much returns that not getting it by itself give a huge penalty.
I have an allegory to tell with regards to this.
I take the subway to work every day, and trains typically come every 10 minutes or so. There are several blocks from subway, and depending on the day, I may cross them slowly or quickly. I have on multiple occasions walked slowly, only to find myself arriving just in time to miss the train. In such cases, I often lament to myself - "if only I had chosen to walk quicker today, I would have made it! This one minute of dallying cost me 10 minutes of time; what a shame". Except of course, that is wrong. I don't know in advanced that I would be one minute late, and in fact, nine-times-out-of-ten, I'm not; my dallying doesn't stop me from catching the same train, and only means I spent a minute more outside and a minute less on the platform. So while there are times where the minute is multiplied tenfold in terms of losses, those times are perfectly matched by the times when the minute matters not at all.
Point being. The fact that we need an extra action here that we wouldn't need with Mid Silver isn't anything special; it is just a manifestation of the fact that at Mid Sliver we advance faster, which means we'll need less actions on average. Sometimes that means only one action is needed where two had been required before, but sometimes it means that one action is one action was. No need to read anything into it, and certainly no need to count that as an extra bonus; it is already been counted when we said Red gives us more progress per action.