I'm honestly a bit confused about what was supposed to have happened with that "recount." Like, what's the official story? Carter presumably
had a vice president, and ran on a Carter-_____ ticket. He was apparently assassinated during his own inauguration ceremony, long after the votes had been tallied. "Rules are rules" would be a strong position, and "rules are rules" would seem to indicate that this is a very uncomplicated case of the Democratic vice-president-elect, whoever they may be, getting sworn in. American elections occur on a fixed schedule and are not subject to 'take-backs' even if an elected candidate dies after the election; that just means that a successor is slotted into the job by whatever procedure would normally be in place.
This was before forty years of Federalist society court-packing and ultra-conservative media saturation. "Rules are rules" was much more the order of the day, as opposed to "rules for me but not for thee," at least within the two big establishment parties as distinct from the wars the establishment waged on minorities.
Within the establishment, to be clear, there was a lot more actual procedural political neutrality. And of course this very much included bipartisan consensus on doing some very bad things! But it also included the idea that both parties had a legitimate right to hold power if they won under the rules, as opposed to (R)s believing that there's no such thing as legitimate authority figure with a (D) after their name.
...
Even assuming the election was very, very close, and I imagine it was, what's the Republicans' story here? Why is this an exception to the normal presidential succession rules, and why did Democrats go along with it without raising a massive stink?
You'd basically have to have the Republicans mount a successful self-coup to pull this off, "finding" votes for Reagan in states that had already declared their electoral slates for Carter. And given how the votes are counted, they'd have to somehow convince Congress to go along with what everyone looking in from the outside would be able to tell was a naked power grab. When I think a lot of the then-prominent Republican congressmen would just say "I'd much rather deal with having a Democrat in the White House for four years than pull obviously unconstitutional shenanigans in an attempt to appoint Reagan; let's take the long view here." Especially if Reagan had made no prior claims of the election somehow being a miscount
before late January 1981, and then conveniently started saying there had been an error or a need to recount afterwards.
I find it extremely hard to believe that Reagan could pull this off after losing the 1980 election. Get Carter assassinated, I believe it, but make himself president after waiting until
January, I doubt. And if he did, he'd start his administration with effectively zero legitimacy and with basically everyone and their dog knowing damn well what just happened.
Especially with this probably still being basically the
Burger court as we know it. This isn't a very safe time for the US government to be running around blatantly trampling over constitutional procedures or civil liberties unless they intend to go full mask-off authoritarian and start shooting the political opposition, and I very much doubt that would end well for them.