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Patricians historically had more privileges and rights than plebeians. This status difference was marked at the beginning of the
Republic: patricians were better represented in the
Roman assemblies, only patricians could hold high political offices, such as
dictator,
consul, and
censor, and all priesthoods (such as
pontifex maximus) were closed to non-patricians. There was a belief that patricians communicated better with the
Roman gods, so they alone could perform the sacred rites and take the
auspices. Additionally, not only were the patricians of higher status in political offices but they also had the best land in Ancient Rome.
[10] Having the best land would allow the patrician class to have more opportunities, such as being able to produce better agriculture. This view had political consequences, since in the beginning of the year or before a military campaign, Roman magistrates used to consult the gods. Livy reports that the first admission of plebeians into a priestly college happened in 300 BC with the passage of the
Lex Ogulnia, when the college of
Augurs raised their number from four to nine. After that, plebeians were accepted into the other religious colleges. By the end of the Republic, only priesthoods with limited political importance, such as the
Salii, the
Flamines, and the
Rex Sacrorum, were filled exclusively by patricians.
While it was not illegal for a plebeian to run for political office, a plebeian would have not have had the backing needed to win a seat.
[11] Since society was organized in this way, the patrician class was essentially in complete control of Ancient Rome's government.
[11] In Cassius' accounts of Ancient Rome, he details how important and advantaged the patrician class was over the plebeian class.
[12] He indicates the status difference between patricians and plebeians by detailing about the specific shoes the patricians wore. Cassius states, "For the shoes worn by the patricians in the city were ornamented with laced straps and the design of the letter, to signify that they were descended from the original hundred men that had been senators."
[12] It is clear through Cassius' account that these details mattered and represent the differentiation between classes. For more on Ancient Rome's social class distinction visit
Social Class in Ancient Rome.