Yeah, I'm only seeing the
12"/45 as being able to penetrate 16.6 inches of
Harvey Plated armor. Problem with that is, Harvey Plated armor is what they used in the 1890s, and was outdated almost immediately by
Krupp Armor, which I think is what Yamato had (or a knock-off of it). A Krupp plate of 10.2 inches offered the same protection as as Harvey plate of 12 inches, so it's roughly 17.6% more effective. So... let's see, Yamato had 16.1 inches of Krupp, so that'd means it's the equivalent of 18.94 inches of Harvey. So, yeah, no... Utah couldn't penetrate her belt.
Keep in mind that those penetration values for the guns are usually calculated at optimal angles, so with the shell hitting as close to a 90 degree angle to the face as possible.