Parabola
Divided Loyalties Librarian
- Location
- The Destination of Fate
- Pronouns
- She/Her
Similar with Spanish, most pronouns referring to something or someone else are essentially gendered masculine and feminine (el/la, los/las, ellos/ellas). Rules are very iffy but in my experience as a native speaker even if you've never heard of a certain noun before you can sort of get a feel for which gender it is just by speaking it out loud.It's kinda funny, you just "know" the gender for literally thousands of nouns if you are german (or from any language with similar rules).
I couldn't even tell if there is a set of rules governing it, picking up examples it seems extremly arbitrary.
I totally understand why people learning the language later in life will forever have issues with that.
Things that usually indicate some word is masculine (el/los/ellos):
Things that usually indicate some word in Spanish is feminine (la/las/ellas):
Words which end in -e can go either way. For instance...
Some words have male/female forms by just changing the last letter from -o to -a or viceversa, or just adding -a at the end:
And finally, the gender of some words depends on which meaning you're using for them, because of course words can have more than one meaning. For instance:
- All numbers
- All days and months
- All cardinal directions
- All musical notes
- The names of rivers, hills, mountains, volcanoes, etc
- Most winds, with exceptions like brisa (breeze) and tramontana (tramontane)
- Most words ending in -o
- Most words ending in -dor or -miento: for instance verdor (greenery), pudor (modesty), sentimiento (feeling/sentiment), pensamiento (thought)…
Things that usually indicate some word in Spanish is feminine (la/las/ellas):
- All letters
- Most words ending in -a
- Most words for abstracts ending in -ción, -ad, -ez, -anza, -ancia, -encia, -eza, -ía, -ura: for instance emoción (emotion), libertad (freedom), embriaguez (drunkenness), esperanza (hope), constancia (constancy), vivencia (experience), crudeza (crudeness), cortesía (courtesy), cordura (sanity)...
- Of words ending in -o, foto (photo), moto (motorcycle) and mano (hand) are all feminine.
- Of words ending in -a, día (day), tranvía (tram), planeta (planet) and mapa (map) are all masculine.
Words which end in -e can go either way. For instance...
- Madre (mother), gente (people) and mente (mind) are all feminine
- Padre (father) and héroe (hero) are both masculine.
Some words have male/female forms by just changing the last letter from -o to -a or viceversa, or just adding -a at the end:
- Hermano/hermana (brother/sister), or emperador/emperatriz (emperor/empress).
- It can also be stuff like doctor/doctora (both meaning doctor).
- Periodista (reporter), artista (artist), dentista (dentist);
- This also applies to words like joven (young person) and adolescente (adolescent/teenager).
- Serpiente (serpent/snake), victima (victim), persona (person) and criatura (creature) are all feminine, regardless of the gender of who or what they refer to.
- Trabajadores (workers) and trabajadoras (female workers), amigos (friends) and amigas (female friends). This is even if the singular form of the word is used to refer to a specific gender - amigo usually referring to male friend, for instance.
- Mar (the sea) can be referred to as either masculine or feminine; arte (art) is masculine, but in the plural, artes (arts), it is feminine.
And finally, the gender of some words depends on which meaning you're using for them, because of course words can have more than one meaning. For instance:
- Coma when you mean a grammatical comma is feminine, but when you mean it as a person in a coma then it is masculine; lila (lilac) referring to the color is masculine, but if you refer to the flower it's a feminine; capital (capital) referring to a nation's governing city or other location is feminine, but if you mean in the financial sense then it's masculine.
...That's a lot of rules and things to keep in mind, but every language has its own set of bugbears and things that make it harder or easier for certain languages to learn.
For instance, Spanish is very consistent with the spelling of a word matching up with the word's pronunciation, so native Spanish speakers have a lot of difficulty with English - I've seen a lot of people learning English who learned a lot of words from books but never looked up how they're actually pronounced and they're surprised when it's different from how they thought.
By contrast, since the Japanese language is also very consistent with how the way they write their characters matches up to their pronunciation, I've heard that native Japanese speakers who can get past the R/L problem can pick up Spanish pronunciation actually really quickly!
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