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I'm honestly less interested in the rarer, "Use the senile Soverign Elder as an attack dog in a coup" scenario, and more in the question of otherwise using or abusing them in other ways, since there's a lot of activity far below that intensity that they could have done but didn't. Think of all the people who seek the protection of aging or dying monarchs in the past, seeking to use them to be one step ahead when they finally croak it and the question of "who's next/what's next" comes up. Or so on.
On the small or large scale, it doesn't make any difference. When a Sovereign retreats from the world, they become a resource--something to be used selectively, rationed for times of need. And the same principles that keep Faction A of the clan from breaking into the armory and taking all the most powerful talismans, or monopolizing the crafters, or taking all the drugs, are also going to keep them from taking advantage of the Sovereigns. And primarily, that's opposing force is all of the other people who want to use those resources, and who haven't yet had a convincing argument for opening up the coffers. But they might, so you'd better not take them for yourself until then! Whether it's about dosing up your favorite son or trying to topple the government, a clan still only has so many resources to spend, and the primary restraint to use is all of the other things that those resources could be used for.
I said this part as a joke, so to restate it in all seriousness: I would say that this happened because the Meng Reformers were distracted. The Meng Reactionaries haven't had a useful way to leverage their power in a very, very long time. What have they been able to do other than deny, to try to stand athwart history and say stop? They have no notable allies because no one else is advancing the kind of policy they'd approve of, and that means they have little in the way of ability to leverage their power outside the Meng and outside the Meng lands. They weren't properly counterbalanced here because for a long time, they've been a wholly internal concern, so their big external move was a surprise.
And I'd say further that part of the reason the Reformers were so distracted was that until this summit, they were in the same situation: no one was advancing in the direction they wanted, so they've largely been only an internal faction within the Meng, without meaningful external allies or external power except insofar as individuals could manage. They leapt a little too eagerly onto a chance to change that, which means that the Meng less focused on keeping the Reactionaries in check weren't doing the job for them, because the Reformers have been handling it for so long. The Reformers haven't been able to do much else.
It would probably be to the benefit of Ling Qi's emerging faction to keep an eye on the Meng politics as all of this is falling out. If 50% are Weilu Conservatives and 25% are Weilu Reformers and 25% are Weilu Reactionaries, and the Reactionaries are getting purged, then someone's going to have to take responsibility for the 75% failing to check them. And I would suspect that the 50% is going to say the 25% should bear most of the blame, and considering that remaining 25% likes us the most, that's very much our problem.