So taking a look at what provoked their ascension.
Every ascendant is there because of a personal problem that they shaped their lives around to change the world for.
Arising from the Thousand Lakes in its beginning was Inviolate Death, from the legendary fisher, whose ascension is said to have solidified the boundary between life and death, between dreams and reality, and ended the ability for souls and spirits to slip back and forth casually.
Yao was simple, since we know the most about him.
He killed everyone in his home region to become the Top Murder. Then he killed the region boss, and wandered the proto-Empire killing stuff.
Yao is
mega haunted.
Now, this wasn't a problem while he was a wanderer, he killed them in life, in death they've already been impressed with his lethality and would not bother him. But they'd bother everyone around him once he settled down and people had to deal with the miasma of dead spirits bemoaning their fate.
So he sealed them away, by expanding upon his lethality and killed their ability to cross freely.
Likely modern exorcism rites are derived from his practices too, and from there funeral rites for haunts that need less impressing.
This ALSO meant that spirits would need more effort to intercede in the mortal world without proxies, which made large human settlements far easier, they can attract all the immaterial spirits they want, they can't manifest.
Then is Tribulation Unending, arising from the conqueror Zhi, whose ascension laid down the course of human cultivation, the need for struggle to face one's demons again and again and come out the stronger if one wished for power.
This one we don't know as much about, and the author might have taken it from a different angle. But we know that while Zhi was famed for her martial prowess, subduing her teacher and the province by force, she was ALSO the founder of the proto-Sect system.
What would someone pioneering the school of TEACHING want?
Two things:
-That your students do not fall needlessly. Tribulation Unending encoded it in the cosmos that surviving a Tribulation will bring strength. Remember, this was the proto-Empire, threats abound, and most people do not learn anything from nearly dying to a mega spirit's activities, they just roll again and again until they finally die.
-That the worthy learn. Those with the courage and determination to face danger thrive.
This also laid down a wide ranging passive effect against tyranny of any form, unjust or malicious rulers would fuel the growth of vassals who survive their reign. Every tyrant breeds the seeds of their fall.
Which also fucked with forms of government across the proto-Empire no doubt, which is why the next generation of ascendants are like how they are.
Last is the Bountiful Earth, arising from the diviner of the south, ordering the seasons and the rites of the earth which the Empire's agriculturalists use to this day.
Tsu the Diviner, as we know, organized the weather so that it stopped happening randomly and took turns, and all the arts of agriculture. Side effects is an explosion in the size of supportable populations, which if you combine with Tribulation Unending meant that an era of significant civil unrest awaits.
What followed is two opposite reactions to growing populations and social instability, as the weak grew numerous in abundant food and then grew strong in adversity.
Bronze Coils Unbending, the first ascended White Serpent Queen, whose ascension shaped the castes of the Bai.
The Bai set and fixed their castes. This is not elaborated upon, but we've seen quite a few Bai by now and I think we have a grasp at how it works - it made clear and definitive hereditary markers, which serve as social status flags and reduce conflict so long as each caste works within its own roles.
This mitigated Tribulation Unending's powerup for oppressed underlings, if you establish clear limits and responsibilities for each strata of society, rather than a free for all reign of the strong being dethroned.
Crownbreaker, grandson of Zhi, who ensured that no king would ever rule the Zheng,
The Zheng went the other direction, though the means we don't know.
My guess is that they had a time where kings rose up from adversity and set to trying to subjugate everything, and Crownbreaker ended that nonsense.
Then you have the terraformers:
Fair Tides Dawn of the Jing who ordered the seas.
The Jing found that waves deciding to go whereever the hell they liked was an utter pain for a coastal people, especially with aquatic monsters riding them up. By arranging the tides to follow patterns(the Moon), they can be worked with, rather than waves destroying any sea facing infrastructure before long.
Slumbering Peaks, scion of the savage isles, who tamed the roaring mountains which dominated its meager lands.
The Xuan sent their volcanoes to sleep...and I suspect it may have been an intended effect to make the elder Xuanwu more sleepy, and thus more suited to settlement than an energetic turtle.
First mention must go to Immaculate Angles Everlasting, son of the sage and establisher of Imperial Geomancy.
And then we have math architect guy, making sense and imposing rules upon the remnant setlements of the Dragon Kings so that they can be controlled and brought to order.
These three guys made their regions far more habitable.
Pure Channels Striving laid down the medical techniques which allowed for the study of meridians, and building upon the principles of Geomancy, laid down the proportions, and equations which allowed for the creation of the first pill furnaces.
And the first Medicine God, who took architectural techniques and applied them to the human body. Here we see meridians being artificial, and they give imperials quite the advantage, if they can develop spiritual hardware dedicated to certain techniques, it'd be more efficient than organically modulating your qi in the right forms.
The Jade Archivist meanwhile, changed the face of the world through his meditations on the nature of information and its passing, encoding in the abundant jade of the Celestial Peaks with the qualities which allows it to so effectively store information to this day.
And the father of jade slips. Jade computing, as it were!
And from there imperialization started, as these two allowed the budding Empire to reliably and consistently produce potent cultivators. Pills allow rapid growth, meridians allowed for efficient low level arts, and jade slips ensured that arts can be taught without tying up a senior cultivator or spirit to teach the whole thing.
After that you got two for asserting central authority.
The Emperor would after centuries of crushing the remaining rebels and renewal of the ministries, ascend himself as Steel Words Binding. Becoming the fount of the spirits of law which serve to advise the Ministry and its judges to this day.
Code of Law, to establish common rules of behavior across the empire.
In the south there rose at the same time, Unity of Blades, great patriarch of the Xi clan who began the long and torturous process of taming the Emerald Seas into acceptable imperial citizens, the road which the new Duchess Cai has so recently pressed forward upon.
And more locally, enforcing order by force.
Yes, thats a Defeat Means Friendship Great Spirit, he formalized "I kicked your ass, now join me."
Then we have the Birdsplosion consequences:
In speaking of the south one must also mention the Palace of One, matriarch and founder of the decadent Hui, who sought to make porous again the veil of dream and waking.
This one is less certain, given current political trends would be to crap on the Hui, but I believe Palace of One may have intended to provide an alternative to Unity of Blades, by binding people together via a shared ideal.
After all when the Xi fell, there was simply no Unity of Blades available - nobody had the force to unite the Emerald Seas by force.
In the east the most influential ascended spirits are the Venomous Sun, founder of the Guo, whose ascension bled into the veins of his descendants and their vassals and their crops a hardiness against the poisons left behind by the Cataclysm. In doing so the core of the power that would restore proper order to the Golden Fields was forged.
In tandem was the Venomous Sun's brother in blood, who became High Spirit Soaring, and awakened among the stones of the east the windstones which speed the travel of the wandering caravan cities of the East.
These guys might have been beneficiaries of Tribulation Unending, who ensured that those yet living in the hell desert were rewarded for their endless trials and grew quickly resistant, and in the environment where you could use no road, they had landsails to travel by.
Among the Ancient clans noticeable ascensions have been few, but among those known to outsiders are Joyous Rambling Revelry, the ascended Zheng who changed the nature of the Empire's alcohols and recreational substances such that all but the mightiest cultivators could still find substances which could dull or alter their minds. A crude Law, but one which must be acknowledged.
As for this guy...I think he just cultivated to the point where alcohol didn't work on him anymore, and in his horror he made it a law of nature that you can always get drunk if you wanted.
Heh.
Similarly, Fangs Burning Purity, scion of the White Serpent, ended the slow dilution of the serpent's blood in the people of the Thousand Lakes.
This here is just correcting for the genetic drift making the caste system of the Bai weakening.
...possibly by making them more xenophobic as well.
In the north, Eternity Current, once matriarch of the Jin must be spoken of. Her Law calmed the great northern current, rendering it sailable by the skilled and altered the methods needed to propitiate the spirits of storm and sky, greatly expanding the reach of normal ships and great ones alike.
This one...created the Grand Line?
Thats what it sounds like. Eternity Current made the greater ocean actually traversable.
In beginning to discuss them one must begin with the most important of our age, Emperor An, who became the Inexorable Justice, the judge of vice and sin which our great Empire had too long been lacking, and whose eyes have granted the inheritors of his great work in the Ministry of Integrity the eyes to ensure that no criminals, rebels, or traitors may escape from the punishment they have earned for perfidy and corruption.
And this one is a modern solution to modern problems.