Hm. The plague hitting Athens- is that earlier than in our timeline, or later? Also, our grain shipments to Athens will be interrupted; not good for Athens.

....This is a very very delicate issue. I can absolutely agree to the Standardisation and Prytanis reform, it going further than that, and indeed directly causing conflict with the direct rights of citizens, namely gifting Metics equal rights directly to citizens, is dangerous when it comes to breeding resentment.

The first two don't overly step on Citizenship rights, and indeed don't seem to be a 'threat' there may be some grumbling about Metics not being directly influenced by the citizens as much, but it's manageable. It causes some political changes, but not rights changes. They are major reforms, but they're not offensive or intrusive

My first instinct is to allow ally he major reforms, but outright deny the minor ones. I'll need to think on this more
Ah, point of order. The reform of letting the metics elect a speaker of their own to represent them at the Assembly is SUPER intrusive and offensive to Greek-style citizens of a place like Eretria. The Assembly is literally sacred, there's a reason why a citizen can be summarily beaten with clubs for interrupting key speakers during it. And it's an all-citizen affair. Letting the metics, or anyone not a citizen of Eretria, attend a meeting of the Assembly, would be a huge concession on the part of the Eretrian citizens. The normal penalty for a non-citizen intruding on the Assembly is death, or at least exile.

Yeah, we gotta keep in mind the Metics are second-class citizens. The plebs, if you will. At the end of the day, political power belongs to real citizens.

This is completely reasonable and honestly just a good idea.

This is a good idea. I've always beleived we should have a way to let the best and brightest (or wealthiest and most powerful) of the metics to make the jump.

Another eh, but justice is important. I'd add it in.
The two underlined passages conflict each other. We can't preserve the citizen/metic divide consistently while letting metics serve on juries with citizens.

Citizens are going to complain about letting metics serve on mixed juries if metics are the defendants. We'd do better to have a designated all-metic court than mixed juries.

Eh, this doesn't seem like it matters much, at least in comparison to everything else. Leave it out as an easy way to keep our citizens happy.
And, hm. A perverse thought. If we're looking to advance women's rights in Eretria, this might actually be it, by the way.

See, the thing is, women in classical Greece couldn't marry without their fathers' permission anyway, and I'm pretty sure they couldn't initiate divorce proceedings. So having the father do it on his daughter's behalf is the only way to get her out of a shitty marriage. I'm in favor of this one, and it's in keeping with classical Greek values so far as I know, without involving any major concession likely to hurt the citizens- unless there are citizens who coerced metic men into letting the citizen marry their daughter, in which case those particular citizens deserve their troubles.

To me, from the text given, it's essentially gifting the Metics a right exclusive to Citizens for a good long time on a wide basis. Even in its own blurb it's noted that it places them on a similar level. Which is where I draw my concern from, as Metics are a second class citizenry. To start outright elevating them so blatantly by sharing such obvious, and IC noted, rights may cause some controversy and conflict.
Letting metics sit on juries also gives them rights customarily reserved to citizens. Letting metics attend the Assembly, even once in a long while as a spokesman, also gives a metic a right customarily reserved to citizens- and treated as sacred.

On the marriage issue, can we not elevate the second class citizens to the same level of our actual peoples in such a blindingly obvious way? The text itself directly equates it to infringing in the rights of the Citizens, it's a minor reform, and should not cause too much strife to dismiss. I know some of you want to go full hog on this, but we need to compromise, and the Marriage issue is the most glaringly obvious infringement on Citizen rights whilst also being a minor issue, one that can be dismissed more easily than others.

We should not jump headlong into this.
Leukos the Accountant:

"My friend, allowing the father of a metic daughter to divorce her citizen husband might infringe upon some citizens- I will speak no further of them in this moment. But to allow a metic among us in the Assembly would infringe upon all the citizens! It is not to be stood for! No, it is to be jumped upon!"
 
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[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] To place the Metic father at the same level as his citizen counterpart as unacceptable.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Citizens are just as good a judge as metics, and there is no need to involve them.

Loyalty should be the biggest concern for immigration, we do not want those that upset things at home. Division and infighting have seen the end of many a city, a good example are the Epidamnians themselves who were divided which left them open to be conquered by an outsider.

Also not comfortable granting all of the requests by the metics but the standardization one just makes sense and eases things on both sides, and the citizenship for notable metics is a way to encourage them to aspire to join the citizens and bind them more loyally to us while being an additional source of citizens and growth. That we have a more set in stone way for metic to ascend to citizen may go a way to encouraging additional metics to make their way to us as well.
Adhoc vote count started by Void Stalker on May 19, 2019 at 10:36 PM, finished with 578 posts and 17 votes.

Adhoc vote count started by Void Stalker on May 19, 2019 at 10:36 PM, finished with 578 posts and 17 votes.

Adhoc vote count started by Void Stalker on May 19, 2019 at 10:38 PM, finished with 578 posts and 17 votes.
 
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[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendent.
 
Fair Ajax, today you have proved yourself most foul! How dare you, in the sacred space of our deliberations, evoke Eris with your paens to statis! Have you so little faith in the polls that you imagine a disagreement today will be a murder tomorrow?

As for the metics, you much lament a little matter, and in your supposed defense of our rights as citizens demean us. Are we so stricken that we must unman the metic man? No, a thousand times no, and it little matters besides: on this all the great men of Eretria do agree.

So says Skantarios the hoplite.
 
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Leukos the Accountant:

"My friend, allowing the father of a metic daughter to divorce her citizen husband might infringe upon some citizens- I will speak no further of them. But to allow a metic among us in the Assembly would infringe upon all the citizens! It is not to be stood for! No, it is to be jumped upon!"
OOC: Dude, I realised the issue and voted against the Metics choosing their own representative. But you misunderstood since they would likely only be allowed to choose from amongst citizens. They wouldn't be allowed to choose from Metics, at least, that's what Cetashwayo seemed to say when he stated Metics would likely vote for Metics elevated to citizenry as their representatives, I could be wrong.
 
[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them.They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.

[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].

Hosting the remnants of the Epidamnians seems entirely in line with what a Eretria has done before, and I see no reason to turn away good people simply because of the possibility of war, when said possibility surrounds us at all times.

As for the immigrants, Loyalty. Skill can be learned, raw muscle developed through work, but Loyalty is something all its own.

As for the Metics...


[X] [Prytanis] Allow them to elect a Prytanis among themselves.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendant.

Now, I'm aware many of my fellows seem to think granting the Metics there way would lead to rioting and anarchy, but think for a moment!

The Metics make up almost half of the entire city of Eretria!

In our fair city, the slave is a rather rarer creature than one can find anywhere else in the Hellens. When our fair city was founded, we freed all the slaves and turned them into citizens! For goodness sake, we turned those who had joined our voyage to these distant lands into citizens for fighting alongside us in the Battle of Bare!

Is it really so hard to countenance granting the Metics even a sliver of the respect they are owed?

Think! Without the Metics, Eretria would collapse overnight. Several of our biggest industries would fail outright without the Metics there to support and ply them.

I see no reason for Eretria to deny the Metics there desires. The right to elect one of there own as a speaker to the Ekklisia when they have openly declared there current speaker a fool seems entirely acceptable. The right to meet once every eight years to air there grievances, the right to intervene in there daughter's marriages should the need be present, the granting of citizenship for heroes, even the right to sit on a jury for there peers if they should stand trial!

In all things, I am a servant of the people of Eretria Eskhata. But I implore you, my fellow Ekklisia, denting the Metics these things they ask seems churlish and unworthy of our great people.
 
OOC: Dude, I realised the issue and voted against the Metics choosing their own representative. But you misunderstood since they would likely only be allowed to choose from amongst citizens. They wouldn't be allowed to choose from Metics, at least, that's what Cetashwayo seemed to say when he stated Metics would likely vote for Metics elevated to citizenry as their representatives, I could be wrong.

OOC: No, it's about having their own representatives. I was responding to Sandman's write-in.
 
Fair Ajax, today you have proved yourself most foul! How dare you, in the sacred space of our deliberations, evoke Eris with your paens to statis! Have you so little faith in the polls that you imagine a disagreement today will be a murder tomorrow?
OOC: Instantly realised after I posted that it was too extreme a rhetoric and edited it. Majorly regretted using something so extreme not gonna lie.
As for the metics, you much lament a little matter, and in your supposed defense of our rights as citizens demean us. Are we so stricken that we must unman the metic man? No, a thousand times no, and it little matters besides.
I would argue that you do not see the issue here. The true issue. Even the very wording of their proposals have the words 'elevation' in them, the idea of being equal to the citizens of Eretria! That is demeaning! They are Metics! We cannot and should not allow them to impinge upon our rights, even the smallest of our capabilities as free Citizens of the city are gifted by the gods! To refer to our rights as little matters? You do not see, the discontent in the proposed wording of our rejection! The insult laid within the proposal itself!

We are citizens, every right is sacred, every right shall be protected, by all means aid the Metics and give them the means to better organise and defend themselves in the courts, but we must never compromise upon what the gods have given us!

OOC: I just think, due to the wording being the only hint we have as to how our people see this, we shouldn't allow through the most aggressively denied and the option which most seems to imply equality, which will set some people off
 
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[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendent.
 
[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.

[X] [Immigration] Manpower. What the city needs above all is people, to work its fields and fight its wars. The emissaries of the city ought to look for healthy, hale, and strong men who would be willing to come to Eretria to work as tenant labourers for merchants and farmers. These men shall girdle the city and be the legs that carry it forward [If successful, higher number of low-skill immigrants with higher overall immigration].

[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendent.
 
Hm. The plague hitting Athens- is that earlier than in our timeline, or later? Also, our grain shipments to Athens will be interrupted; not good for Athens.

The plague hit Athens in 430 BCE first, then again 429 BCE, and again in 426 BCE. The plague killed 25-33% of the city's population and killed Perikles as well as his sons.
 
[x] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] To place the Metic father at the same level as his citizen counterpart as unacceptable.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendent.
 
[x] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] To place the Metic father at the same level as his citizen counterpart as unacceptable.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendent.

I had a dream, a dream where an automata strode on and on, regardless of terrain and men standing on its way, never stopping, never hesitating.

And in this case a strange phrase was uttered from the cavernous hold of the automata, saying "This as no brakes! Yes all the way!"

I wonder what the gods have been thinking?

- Iskandar Xanatos, philbarbaroi aristocrat of Eretria Eskhata.
 
[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.

Phocion speaks persuasively on the matter of the Epidamnians. To spurn them for fear of arrogant Korinthos would be impious.

As to immigration policy, as our grandfathers came as refugees to these shores, let us accept among us those who are made refugees today. Sinew and skill are cheap as compared to the value of a true and common bond.

I agree with all those who have said that it is too much for the Prytanis to be elected from among the Metics. But to those who deny their just petition for their fathers to be able to defend their daughters simply to keep them in their place, I say this is most unseemly and unjust! You implicitly admit the justice of their desire, but strike it down simply to keep them low. Are the citizenry of Eretria so lacking in Arete that we must push others down in order to stand tallest in our own city? I say no! We have no need of arbitrary injustice.

As to the matter of juries, I am unsure. For Metics who were born in Eretria, I say this demand is fair, for Metics who were born elsewhere, I feel this too much. But is it just to divide the Metics into Eretrian-born and foreign-born?

fasquardon
 
I feel Loyalty is the best metric on which to decide what immigrants we actively encourage to come to our city for a reason that hasn't yet been mentioned: the reaction of the cities they leave behind. Cities that might take offense to our stripping them of much-needed manpower or poaching all their best and brightest citizens are less likely to halt the departure or seek the return of those citizens who expressly desire to live in Eretria and would be a sullen, resentful millstone about the neck of their cities should they be denied that wish.

As for the Epidamnians, I've already stated my belief that dreams of staying perpetually aloof from the pan-Hellenic war erupting to our east is fully. Should we not involve ourselves on our own terms, the war will eventually come to us as the Athenians and Spartans seek to gain allies or deny them to their foes. And a chance to poke a stick in Corinth's eye is worth taking for its own sake.

Thus speaks Methodios, son of Pelagios.
 
[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].

[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Citizens are just as good a judge as metics, and there is no need to involve them.
 
[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] To place the Metic father at the same level as his citizen counterpart as unacceptable.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendent.
 
[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.
[X] [Immigration] Loyalty. What good are fieldhands who plot against you, or artists who sing one song among citizens and another among metics? If the city is to grow, it needs those who are loyal and grateful. Look among the refugees of war, or those from old Euboaea, and those who embrace Eretria's vision and government [If successful, random assortment of immigrants grateful to the city with random effects].
[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Citizens are just as good a judge as metics, and there is no need to involve them.

I was convinced on the no mixed courts. It must be either an all citizen or an all metic jury.
 
@Cetashwayo, how are monopolies being handled in this quest?
Just another luxury route, a modified one or something different?
Because monopolies where powerful things in the ancient world, enough to sustain polities and dictate their fate.
 
[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them. They are the representatives of liberty, and do not wish to cause trouble besides. They have conducted themselves honorably, and present advantage to Eretria without creating a route to war.

[X] [Immigration] Manpower. What the city needs above all is people, to work its fields and fight its wars. The emissaries of the city ought to look for healthy, hale, and strong men who would be willing to come to Eretria to work as tenant labourers for merchants and farmers. These men shall girdle the city and be the legs that carry it forward [If successful, higher number of low-skill immigrants with higher overall immigration].

[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.
[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.
[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.
[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.
[X] [Juries] Allow Metics to appear on the city's juries if the situation involves their peers as defendent.
 
Well, as a statement that's a little vague. Can you expound?

My apologies,
The previous voting round mentioned the opportunity for an Amber monopoly, which I assume would mean Eritrea would become the sole supplier of Amber in the Western/Southern Mediterranean?
(I assume the black sea port cities have access to Amber)

If that is indeed the case, what does that translate to mechanicly?
 
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@Cetashwayo as regards "hosting" the Epidamnians, are we taking them in as Eretrian Metics, to be integrated to our polis, or as temporary exiles, planning to return to their home city as the opportunity presents?
 
@Cetashwayo as regards "hosting" the Epidamnians, are we taking them in as Eretrian Metics, to be integrated to our polis, or as temporary exiles, planning to return to their home city as the opportunity presents?

Temporary exiles.

My apologies,
The previous voting round mentioned the opportunity for an Amber monopoly, which I assume would mean Eritrea would become the sole supplier of Amber in the Western/Southern Mediterranean?

If that is indeed the case, what does that translate to mechanicly?

A luxury trade route, in this case.
 
OOC: Instantly realised after I posted that it was too extreme a rhetoric and edited it. Majorly regretted using something so extreme not gonna lie.

I would argue that you do not see the issue here. The true issue. Even the very wording of their proposals have the words 'elevation' in them, the idea of being equal to the citizens of Eretria! That is demeaning! They are Metics! We cannot and should not allow them to impinge upon our rights, even the smallest of our capabilities as free Citizens of the city are gifted by the gods! To refer to our rights as little matters? You do not see, the discontent in the proposed wording of our rejection! The insult laid within the proposal itself!

We are citizens, every right is sacred, every right shall be protected, by all means aid the Metics and give them the means to better organise and defend themselves in the courts, but we must never compromise upon what the gods have given us!

OOC: I just think, due to the working being the only hint we have as to how our people see this, we shouldn't allow through the most aggressively denied and the option which most seems to imply equality, which will set some people off
Broken-nosed, Leukos teeters briefly atop his rock, then recovers his balance.

Leukos the Accountant, rather sarcastic:

"There stands Ajax, bearing his shield in front of him like a wall! A shield of bronze with seven folds of oxhide! Watch him advance upon the one concern before us, brave, indomitable, shedding all other matters of importance and the counsel of good sense, as if they were so many darts flung from the bows of the cowardly archers of the Trojans!"

"But for wise council one might seek not the counsel of mighty Ajax. One might instead seek to emulate Nestor, whose counsel was ever truest, or Odysseus, the man of twists and turns, and see all that lies around. For what if Ajax should attain victory, trampling under his mighty and valiant sandals the one great thing that concerns him? What then? Why, perhaps he may find that he has been cheated by the tricks of the foreigner, and that his seven layers of oxhide have been exchanged for some other product of the ox!"

[grins]

"In the matter of the entreaties of the Epidamnians, there are a thousand arguments we might make, fearing the east or loving the west, or of strategy, or of prudence, or of the days of our grandfathers' journey from Eretria-that-was to these Italian shores. But me? For me, the matter is simple. Hospitality and courage in the face of one's enemies are well favored by the gods. It is enough."

[X] [Epidamnians] Eretria Eskhata should host them.

"In the matter of seeking further metics from overseas, what should be the distinction of the metic who abides within Eretria? Should it be his strong back? No, for when that strength fails in his age or sickness, we do not drive the oldest of our metics, whose sons and grandsons dwell yet within the city, from our gates. Should it be his cunning artistry? No, for if a metic is lacking in wits, and finds himself most suitable for simple labors and the guidance of other men, we do not exile him from the city either, but allow him to take pride in honest labor."

"What is the one crime against the city for which any metic, be he ever so strong or so cunning, must be cast out? Treachery! And therefore, what distinguishes the metic in Eretria from other men, from those unfit to reside within our walls? Faithfulness! Faithfulness to the city that shelters and feeds him. What qualifies a man to reside among Eretrians for any length of time is his capacity for gratitude and honor, that he may stand a foreigner among Eretrians, but a man among men!"

[X] [Immigration] Loyalty

As for the metics, you much lament a little matter, and in your supposed defense of our rights as citizens demean us. Are we so stricken that we must unman the metic man? No, a thousand times no, and it little matters besides: on this all the great men of Eretria do agree.

So says Skantarios the hoplite.

"And this truth, that the metic in Eretria is a foreigner among Eretrians, but a man among men? This should guide us in all the matters of detail brought before us by good Timotaios today. Skantarios, valiant with his spear in the front ranks of battle, has the right of it. The metic is a foreigner, but not to be unmanned- for if the metic is unworthy of even that, better he be driven forth from the city here and now! Better we search all of Greece for someone more worthy of our protection and our silver!"

"For instance, it is only proper that the metics be allowed to know when they may bring their concerns before us. No man deserves to be left waiting, year upon year, knowing not the hour or the day at which he may speak upon his behalf. Imagine, if you will, the agonies that would befall a man awaiting trial while he grew old and gray, never to face a jury! No man of the slightest worth should be forced to suffer such an abuse, and so it is right and proper that the metics in Eretria be told that they may send their concerns to be brought before the ekklesia at regularly scheduled times. Eight years? I would have been content enough if it were six years, or four. It is only just that a man be allowed to speak his piece, or find some worthy to speak it for him, as the man without letters may ask a friend to compose for him some piece of writing."

[Leukos, who has been known to perform exactly that service, spreads his hands and continues]

[X] [Standardization] Allow a standard presentation of grievances every eight years, counting from 346 OL.

"Continuing, guided by the same spirit- a metic in Eretria is a man among men. Consider the man who fights as a lion, shield to shield with the mightiest of our warlike heroes, the last in retreat and the most valiant in attack. Who upholds with his flesh and blood the honor of Eretria's arms, and spurns her enemies with cruel iron and ruddy bronze. Such a one, should he also swear mighty oaths by every god to honor every Eretrian thing and to disdain all that is foreign to the city, and should he abide by certain other laws and proprieties, may perhaps no longer be called a foreigner. Not a foreigner, but a citizen, might we see fit to call him, should the ekklesia come together, to invite him to be lifted up.

"For kleftes and noble words may impart value and worth to an inanimate stone, such as that rock upon which Kallias, son of Aristedes, proposed the foundation of the Sacred Treasury. That rock now stands in front of the Treasury itself, blocking the door, in memory of his wisdom. And in the same way, so might the ekklesia as a whole impart dignity to a man. This should be the proper way in which a hero among the metics might aspire to be one of the citizens of Eretria, for it is this place-"

[Leukos spreads his arms widely, indicating the assembled citizens]

"-to which only a citizen can come."

[X] [Citizenship] If the city should bound citizenship grants by strict rules, then Metic heroes should be given it.

"But that! That is the very law that must matter! The metic, though he be strong like a Hercules, brilliant like Homer, may never come here to demand citizenship, nor even to beg it of us! No man not a citizen of Eretria may intrude upon the sacred ekklesia! And for this reason, just though it be that the complaints and needs of the metics be brought before us, always must it be a citizen, like good Timotaios, who brings these words before us. Never one elected by the metics, for though they be men among men, they remain foreigners among Eretrians, and none save Eretria herself may say otherwise! This, we do not forget!"

[X] [Prytanis] The Prytanis will remain a chosen citizen.

"And it is in the same spirit- some may gainsay me here- that I say that no metic should sit on a jury of the citizens, even when it is a metic who is on trial."

"I understand that the metics may cry out if those most intemperate among us might mock them on trial. For to do such a thing is to lack the virtue of justice, and to take advantage of being one man among many in order to mock one man alone? It is not to be sought out by men who fear and honor the gods. I will say more of this later."

[Leukos pauses]

"I do not say that the present system of citizen juries over all metics is the ideal. And I would not object, were the ekklesia to create a separate court for the metics, and laws for that court. Many cities have done the same. It would not be an injustice."

"But how are we to sit, in our deliberations at trial, side by side with those who are in the city but not of it? It is, as I said before, not to be stood for, but to be jumped upon! For though the metics be men, they are yet foreigners, and none but Eretria herself can say otherwise."

[X] [Juries] Citizens are just as good a judge as metics, and there is no need to involve them.

"At the same time-"

[Broken-nosed Leukos waggles his hands, pantomiming a balance scale- momentarily teetering on his narrow rock]

"-though they be foreigners, yet they are men. When the metics tell good Timotaios that they are being treated as less than the citizens of fair Eretria, I reply that yes, this is the nature of things. But when they tell him that they are being treated as less than men, I listen closely, and you, my friends, would be wise to do the same. For a man may live long- all his life- knowing not the freedoms of the citizen."

"But if you seek to deprive him of his manhood? Then it matters not whether he have a deep love of freedom, or only the common impulses of all men, Greek and barbarian alike! Even a beast, unaccustomed to the yoke, will resist such treatment. And a man? Though he have no more wits than a brute beast, it is likely that he will assert his manhood, and deny his enemies, and rightly so! For the gods have so made the world that to deprive another of his manhood, to shame another, not out of revenge or punishment for a crime, but merely for gratification of one's pleasures, is to commit the error of hubris!"

"No metic may set foot in the ekklesia. He is not an Eretrian. No metic may sit upon a jury of the citizens. He is not an Eretrian. Let the metic pay doubled taxes, and wear his hat, and follow all of the other laws. For he is no Eretrian. But ask not that the metic submit to the dishonorable treatment of his daughter, the fruit of his loins and the treasure of his heart. For though they are foreigners among Eretrians, yet they are men among men, and we would do well to remember it!"

[X] [Marriage] Reform the laws so the Metic Father has the same rights in the marriage of his daughter.

[Leukos steps down from his rock, with a slight sigh of relief to be on steadier ground.]
 
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