Attempting to Fulfill the Plan MNKh Edition

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You think that less fission products is a GOOD thing?

Oh heck no! We want as much of that uranium and plutonium fissioned as we can!

Uranium and especially plutonium are a combination of decently long life, reasonably radioactive and hella toxic chemically. Anything else is an improvement as far as releasing it into the environment.

Like all the scare stories about nuclear waste we've been hearing for all our lives? That's because of the unburned uranium and plutonium in spent nuclear fuel. Which is why recycling nuclear fuel solves so dang many of the problems with nuclear power.
No lol. Waste is nasty because of fission products or neutron activation. That's why DU is only a heavy metal toxicity concern. Nasty stuff has short half lives in the decades to centuries range. Long enough it will be a problem for generations, but short enough that it releases lots of energy. Thousands to tens of thousands of stuff is also an issue because it's still highly active and now lasts so long that you can't expect you will be around to keep an eye on it.
Ion engines have limits as to how much thrust you can get out of them. There's also complexity issues with large solar-electric or nuclear-electric ion rockets.

As such, nuclear rockets are very useful in deep space - they are relatively simple, relatively high thrust, and either you can run them on something easily recovered from local resources like water and enjoy ISPs comparable to a hydrolox chemical rocket or you run them on something like hydrogen and enjoy ISPs twice as good, meaning you can get away with carrying VASTLY less propellant.

The tyranny of the rocket equation means that even though solid core nuclear rockets are "only" twice to three times as good ISP-wise as hydrolox, that translates to a much, much, much smaller rocket, meaning you can go to more interesting places and bring more fun tools with you wherever you go, or you can do the same mission as you would with a chemical rocket, but for vastly less cost.

A nuclear rocket basically knocks at least an order of magnitude off of the cost of a Mars mission, for example.
You can carry vastly less propellant if you execute the same missions, but the missions don't change and a Mars mission is really nonviable because of the operational concerns of widely separated launch windows and long travel durations. You need ion engines or exotic nuclear ones to really break open the issue of missions just taking too long. If we are sending people to Mars, we need a faster response than 9 months once a year.
 
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Still I'd personally prefer not risking the nuclear engines in atmosphere for now. The technology isn't actually mature, having cracking cause radioactive emissions seems suboptimal, And it could easily turn in to a substantial drag no the space program if bad things happen with it... and well rockets occasionally have bad things happen, so that seems to be a near certainty.

It is perhaps best to reconsider nuclear engines at a later stage when the engine tech is more proven and mature.
 
And we have been able to achieve all of this without losing the trust of the SupSov. More than NASA achieved in OTL. As a result, we not only have a bigger budget, but we are trusted to invest that budget in long-term bets.
Which is why we are even allowed to attempt to poison our people with in atmosphere nuclear rockets. The Supreme Soviet won't give us extra funding for it because they don't want to be associated when it fails, but they are willing to let us cook rather than just outright say no.
That's why DU is only a heavy metal toxicity concern.
This uranium ain't depleted. This is reactor fuel scattered as dust accross whole cities, poor Bukhara is gonna develop green lung.
 
This uranium ain't depleted. This is reactor fuel scattered as dust accross whole cities, poor Bukhara is gonna develop green lung.
Even natural uranium is not that big of a radiation concern. That's why it is considerably less dangerous than its ores. Again the vast majority of the danger is from fission products or activated radio nucleotides, both of which exist primarily as a result of reactor operation.
 
Lol why are we pretending to care about rural pollution. If you don't like it move to the city like a real New Soviet Man
 
This uranium ain't depleted. This is reactor fuel scattered as dust accross whole cities, poor Bukhara is gonna develop green lung.
Depleted uranium and fissile uranium are not that different in terms of radioactivity. The difference is that one can become way more radioactive easily and the other can only become more radioactive with great difficulty.

Depletion isn't about being burnt out, it's about having the more useful part of the uranium scooped out, leaving only the hard to use part behind.
 
While the small interplanetary probe NTR is flying and will probably get pretty reliable if we shoot a few more at Mercury to work the bugs out, the technology definitely isn't ready to scale up and fly in the atmosphere yet. We've only actually flown one real NTR and it slagged itself in what was supposed to be normal operation. It's a promising technology if it cooks another 5-10 years but that's not a great sign that we're ready to make a bigger, higher power version for flying with cosmonauts today.

Dusting off the old plans for an expanded RLA should give us enough LEO payload to match or exceed Apollo level of performance with the more advanced materials science + electronics of doing it in the late 70s/80s instead of 60s, at minimal cost and technical risk. It also allows us to let our other plays like MAKS and NTRs cook for another few years so they're mature enough to be leveraged in the 1980s part of the race if it drags on that long, both of which are showing a lot more promise than I expected.
 
Why are people worrying about polluting the atmosphere with the radiation? Even if something bad happened with one of our rockets, the impact would not be significant. This sounds like people being scared of anything and everything that has the word "nuclear" in it.

People should stop being worried about pollution in general. It is the 1970s not the 2020s. Holding back progress "for the environment" means we cannot transition to clean forms of energy in the future. I said this before but if Moscow is not a pollution ridden city by the end of the decade, it would be a disaster of gigantic proportions.
 
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The real Soviet Union spread major radiological contamination worldwide due to reckless negligence, but the brave communists of the Threadviet will take the awe-inspiring step of doing it intentionally and then arguing with cancer patients that they clearly didn't consult the economic graphs properly.
 
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The issue is not radiation, that is not much of a factor in this design as at worst you'd be getting a few kilograms of unstable isotopes spread over dozens or hundreds of square kilometers. All in all that's a very small amount per square meter and therefore a small amount of outside-body damaging radiation would be present. anything that radiates strongly enough to actually pose a threat also has a short half life.

However such a rocket could be compared to one that ejected mercury or arsenic on the ascent, simply due to the fact that uranium has high chemotoxicity, although it does also radiate strongly enough to pose issues if inside the body.

The issue with the rocket is more chemotoxicity, I.E toxic chemicals going everywhere with the wind as opposed to radiotoxicity.
 
This uranium ain't depleted. This is reactor fuel scattered as dust accross whole cities, poor Bukhara is gonna develop green lung.

Yes, but he was responding to me saying that the main problem with uranium is that it is crazy toxic.

That's why DU is only a heavy metal toxicity concern.

The toll of depleted uranium in places like Serbia and Iraq where lots of it was used is famously understudied, so I am not sure we can really say that the DU is a minimal concern compared to more radioactive uranium.

And my point remains, the Soviets were more scared of the chemical toxicity of the elephant's foot than they were of the radioactivity of it.

I am not convinced that flushing hot uranium dust in the stratosphere is a minimal concern.

Thousands to tens of thousands of stuff is also an issue because it's still highly active and now lasts so long that you can't expect you will be around to keep an eye on it.

The thing about radioactive material that is still worryingly radioactive thousands or tens of thousands of years later is that it isn't very radioactive.

Like, with nuclear waste, the unburned uranium wouldn't be an issue if it were more dilute. But since nuclear fuel is rich in uranium, the relatively low radioactivity of stuff like U235 adds up to a mild worry.

You can carry vastly less propellant if you execute the same missions

Based on that sort of logic, we shouldn't develop antimatter drives to spread Communism to Alpha Centauri. After all, enough chemical rockets could do the job.

If you ask me, a Mars program that costs 300 billion Euros is a big improvement over a Mars program that costs 3 trillion Euros.

Why are people worrying about polluting the atmosphere with the radiation? Even if something bad happened with one of our rockets, the impact would not be significant. This sounds like people being scared of anything and everything that has the word "nuclear" in it.

Because dispersing atomized uranium in the stratosphere, as will happen during the normal operation of Chelomei's rocket, isn't something where we can control where it falls, thus it has higher political risk.

If the damage was something we could contain in a sacrifice zone, I would oppose the design less.

It will also involve a long development time and a high degree of technical risk for an underwhelming payload capacity though, which is much more of a big deal to me.

IMO we need to prioritize speed here. Even starting on developing a metholox super booster would be faster as developing a chemical rocket is something we just have more experience with.

People should stop being worried about pollution in general. It is the 1970s not the 2020s. Holding back progress "for the environment" means we cannot transition to clean forms of energy in the future. I said this before but if Moscow is not a pollution ridden city by the end of the decade, it would be a disaster of gigantic proportions.

Pollution is a drag on economic efficiency. The reason why we need to accept more pollution to develop is not because pollution is OK because it is the 70s. Pollution is straightforwardly slowing our development. But we have to live with that because we're playing a bunch of Bolsheviks who haven't figured out how to account for the costs we are inflicting on ourselves but still need to grope our way to a better economy anyway based on vibes and gut feelings.

Regards,

fasquardon
 
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Because dispersing atomized uranium in the stratosphere, as will happen during the normal operation of Chelomei's rocket, isn't something where we can control where it falls, thus it has higher political risk.

It is the 1970s, Argentina would be utterly clueless if we sprinkled a little radiation over there and if someone makes a fuss about it, we can easily point to American atmospheric nuclear weapons testing that historically disabled some satellites (not sure if this happened ITTL).

It will also involve a long development time and a high degree of technical risk for an underwhelming payload capacity though, which is much more of a big deal to me.

A reasonable complaint and a good point.
 
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It is the 1970s, Argentina would be utterly clueless if we sprinkled a little radiation over there and if someone makes a fuss about it, we can easily point to American atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

Um, no. One of the reasons why the above ground test ban was so easy to agree in OTL is because salting the atmosphere with nuclear material is highly detectable and well within the means of even Argentina to do. Not only that, based on the kinds of nuclear material detected, scientists can tell alot about the chain reaction that produced the material.

For weapons testing, the militaries of the US and USSR weren't super keen on giving away so much information to their enemy for free.

Now of course, for a launch vehicle, it's big and obvious anyway, so there isn't a whole lot to keep secret. But people are very much going to notice where the radioactive dust goes. And the dust will also tell them some things about how we built the engine as well, though I doubt that any of those insights would be very damaging to us.

Regards,

fasquardon
 
Also pretty sure that we televise all our rocket launches, so all they really need to do is notice that the camera on our latest rocket cut out around the same time their atmospheric radiation sensors went crazy.
 
Basically, the USSR has been extremely successful - far beyond OTL accomplishments - in most of the actual science that can get done in space, except for space station experiments because lol lmao manned programs have been shit, and going for the conservative design is (on top of being relatively likely to work) the only option that doesn't completely discard further efforts to advance those successes in the name of chasing the scientifically mostly worthless but politically impressive moon landing.

Also the nuclear rocket is not actually that impressive despite being hyper technical and expensive, because it's trying to force the technology in ways that won't go over very well at all.
 
Based on that sort of logic, we shouldn't develop antimatter drives to spread Communism to Alpha Centauri. After all, enough chemical rockets could do the job.

If you ask me, a Mars program that costs 300 billion Euros is a big improvement over a Mars program that costs 3 trillion Euros.
A solid core nuclear engine isn't going to make that big of a difference, it reduces the mass ratio required by a factor of e/2.7(math is hard) but as we are demonstrating with the rocket, it also majorly reduces the possible mass ratio by greatly increasing tank mass and engine mass. Building a tug capable of transiting from Earth to Mars is at the edge of possible with our current engine. We'd have to aerobrake and doing that in a large, potentially manned tug is an operational nightmare.

Fundamentally ion or plasma engines at larger scale are far better at actually delivering such improvements. You say antimatter rockets and that is exactly the point. You need a drive with huge specific impulse to really open up even the inner solar system. Maybe a pulsed or gas core rocket with a specific impulse in the thousands of seconds could, but that would be a major engineering challenge.
 
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Like, one of the bigger strengths of our space program is that we've got affordable high diameter, high lift mass rockets. If not for the fact that we're seemingly incapable of actually manufacturing lenses for useful space telescopes right now, we could fucking TRASH the performance and reliability of JWST by just building a bigger, wider, non-folding telescope to shove in that orbit. That'd push our unmanned program completely and unquestionably beyond anything done in OTL, given how long JWST took to launch and how it only partially succeeded due to needing to unfold. A successful orbital telescope program in five or so years to let the shame of this failed one die would do SO much space science.
 
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Fundamentally ion or plasma engines at larger scale are far better at actually delivering such improvements. You say antimatter rockets and that is exactly the point. You need a drive with huge specific impulse to really open up even the inner solar system. Maybe a pulsed or gas core rocket with a specific impulse in the thousands of seconds could, but that would be a major engineering challenge.
Antimatter seems a bit challenging, I propose we angle eventually for fusion. Admittedly either is far away, but at least fusion 'might' eventually show up late quest.
Like, one of the bigger strengths of our space program is that we've got affordable high diameter, high lift mass rockets. If not for the fact that we're seemingly incapable of actually manufacturing lenses for useful space telescopes right now,
Oh no, the USSR is highly capable of making those lenses. It's just that apparently the entire production capacity right now is getting shipped to the military for their project of looking at the planet with really big eyes in the sky.

Clearly they don't need that many of those and should leave some for the space program. Though how to explain that to the military...
 
Antimatter seems a bit challenging, I propose we angle eventually for fusion. Admittedly either is far away, but at least fusion 'might' eventually show up late quest.
Unless the quest runs into the 2100's I would not expect it. A practical fusion reactor is already a big ask, turning that into a fusion rocket adds considerable complexity. You need to build a whole confinement apparatus and then a magnetic nozzle that functions without interfering with the fusion reaction itself. And having done that, you need very good confinement to even make this viable against electric or nuclear propulsion. Or the reactor mass will just make you unusably slow.

Antimatter is in some ways an easier engineering problem, the issue is storing it but you don't need to deliver the confinement temperatures and pressures of a fusion rocket.
 
Fusion rockets and anti-matter engines. We just have to speedrun the Terra Invicta tech-tree. Capitalism can't stop our 4G plasma/arc-laser Titans while we are mining the moons of Jupiter!
 
Antimatter is in some ways an easier engineering problem, the issue is storing it but you don't need to deliver the confinement temperatures and pressures of a fusion rocket.
Yeah, once you resolve the vastly harder engineering problems of storing antimatter in bulk and producing antimatter in bulk, then indeed having it react is easier then fusion.

Though thus in practise fusion will thus happen far earlier, we're struggling to make headway on both those problems at any kind of scale that would ever matter, while energy return for Fusion in the real world is making steady progress at least.
 
Don't know if people noticed or not but it definitely looks like road infrastructure is being forcefully prioritized because of the again chronic neglecting that has happened.
 
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