@Durin, the psychic discipline of the Librarians seem to be able to do much more than the Scholastica Psykana's disciplines. Not in terms of standard powers (they seem about equal in that regard), but in more "narrative" circumstances. In stories, Librarians seem able to do a lot more stuff than Primaris psykers in general, including some rather weird an esoteric stuff.
For example, in Deathwatch: Shadowbreaker, a Deathwatch Librarian wants to get knowledge from a dead rogue Inquisitor. To do so, he puts her soul inside his own soul, and later when the eldar remove that soul from him (they're allies in this case), he gets to keep her memories.
In another novel, a number of World Eater Librarians create a giant warrior made of psychic lightning to subdue Angron, who's gone on a rampage.
In From the Brink : Blood Ravens Quest (torroar's quest), the Blood Raven's Librarium create a giant psychic raven shield to block the psychic actions of some xenos psykers. While obviously not canon to the 40k universe, I believe he's drawing inspiration from the same sort of stuff I'm noting here.
1. Are the Librarians able to do all this simply because they're very skilled and have access to the required lore, or is it because they have some special...something that lets them do it (like how their betcher's gland gives them acid spit)? Given that they're capable of astrotelepathy, but also that Xavier did something similar to those World Eater Librarians twice, I'm really unsure.
2. Are those of our psykers who are on the level of Librarians capable of such varied and flexible abilities?
Unrelated to the above stuff, had a bit of an idea in discord. The basis of the idea is that there was someone born without a cerebellum and she was mostly fine, and there have been people born missing an entire hemisphere and they too were mostly fine. Also based on the idea (unconfirmed but plausible with some evidence backing it, to my understanding) that you're actually two people, with one half capable of speech and the other not. (This is all real life btw.) A university teacher (again, IRL) said, "Most specialisation of brain tissue is not determined genetically. Most specialisation of brain tissue is determined by developmental dynamics."
Anyway, the idea is this: cut out a substantial part of a baby's brain and put it inside a weapon of some kind. The idea is so that that baby grows up to be a savant with the weapon, in part because the weapon would pretty much be sapient. There is a slight precedence for this idea.
Cognis weapons have some auto-aim abilities, and as I understand it, cogitators all use bits of human brain to work.
3. Is this idea feasible by means of Mechanicus science?
4. If not, do we have the requisite skill and psychic lore to do the same by splitting souls instead of brains?