From: garrettyk@undc.gov.au
To: cmddowrgtmunadse@undc.gov.au
Subject: PALE Measures
Sirs,
This email is sent in response to Regimental Command's email of 14th November 2011 soliciting feedback from enlisted and non-commissioned ranks regarding suggestions to improve operational effectiveness and reduce casualties in the case of a recurrence of the events of 19th March 2011. (As per previous orders from Regiment Command efforts to discourage usage of the term 'Wolf Night' by enlisted ranks have been halted, as widespread media use of the term has made such efforts fruitless). Also as per orders from Regiment Command use of the terms 'lycans', 'werewolves' and 'lycanthropes' to describe the entities engaged on 19th March 2011 has been halted in internal communications, replaced by LEOs (Lunar Enhanced Opponents).
As a result of consultation with my unit's personnel we forward the following suggestions for Provisional Anti-Lycanthrope Engagement measures.
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Increased Infantry Firepower
After Action Reports from engagements in Tehran, Shiraz, Tarin Kowt, Baghdad, Fallujah and other AOs as well as our own operations in Basra and Nasiriyah all report the ineffectiveness of standard infantry weapons against LEOs on March 19. Standard 5.56mm rounds from L85 and M4 assault rifles as well as M249 / FN Minimi / C9 squad automatic weapons proved to have minimal effect at best, as did 5.45mm rounds from AK-74 assault rifles. 7.62 x 51mm NATO semi-automatic rounds from M39 and L129A1 designated marksman rifles were observed to cause some damage to LEO targets only to be shrugged off by LEO enhanced healing. One video recording from the Baghdad engagement (see relevant attached file) shows a US Marine marksman emptying a twenty-round magazine from his M39 into a LEO after it had already sustained significant damage, finally bringing the target down after scoring no fewer than seven head shots. General-purpose machine guns firing 7.62x51mm NATO rounds, such as the M240 and L7A2, were able to bring down LEO targets with sustained and concentrated fire, a difficult feat in built-up areas or terrain with medium or greater cover due to the observed speed of LEOs in a sprint.
At close range 12 gauge shotguns were observed to have noticeable effects against LEO targets. On the evening of March 19 a UNDC combat unit had prepared for a night-time raid against a suspected insurgent safehouse in Kirkuk, Iraq, however their mission was interrupted by the assault on the base where they were stationed. Taking up positions on the defensive line the team, including two members armed with M1014 shotguns for door-breaching duty in the raid, engaged the LEO assailants. Surviving footage showed the shotguns inflicted significant damage to the LEOs. Also on the night of March 19 an insurgent force of LEOs attacked an Iraqi Federal Police barracks in the city of Tal Afar, Iraq. A number of Federal Police officers who survived the initial attack retreated to the barracks armoury to gather weapons to defend themselves. CCT footage retrieved from the barracks recorded them using weapons retrieved from the armoury, including a number of M1014 and Remington 870 shotguns to engage in combat against the LEOs. The shotguns proved most effective against the LEOs, however none of the Federal Police officers at the barracks survived for debriefing by UNDC personnel.
Recommendations - Plans to roll out the Galil ACE assault rifle as the standard UNDC combat weapon for purposes of standardisation have been proceeding slowly. in a way this is a good thing as the 5.56mm round used by the standard Galil platform is ineffective against LEO targets, even deployed
en masse. However the Galil ACE 52 variant is chambered for the 7.62x51mm NATO round, which has shown to be effective against LEOs subjected to sustained fire from general purpose machine guns. While equipping each soldier in the field with an M240 or L7A2 machine gun is impossible due to weight constraints, it is possible that concentrated fire of an entire eight-man squad equipped with 7.62mm NATO-chambered rifles focusing fire on a single target would be sufficient to disable or kill a LEO. Accordingly we should recommend to UNDC Command, General Merin and Director Sokolov himself in the strongest terms possible that the deployment of the Galil ACE should be focused exclusively on the ACE 52 configuration and accelerated as greatly as possible.
An additional reason for this recommendation is that the Galil ACE, like many modern assault rifles, mounts MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rails on the forestock, including one on the underside which permits the attachment of underbarrel weapons. With the noted effectiveness of shotguns at close range against LEOs in the Kirkuk and Tal Afar actions mentioned above the issue of underbarrel mounted shotguns such as the American
M26 to our troops would be possible, especially with deployment of the Galil ACE 52 as outlined above. A standard eight-man section is issued with
a general purpose machine gun, a designated marksman rifle and six assault rifles, two of which also mount an underbarrel grenade launcher. The addition of M26 underbarrel shotgun units to the remaining four riflemen would greatly increase the close-rang firepower of the standard infantry section.
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Vehicular Support
While the terms of reference for the PALE initiative is limited to measures increasing the effectiveness of infantry the effect of armoured and airborne support on the events of 19th March cannot be denied. Vehicular weaponry proved quite effective against LEOs due to the armoured protection of vehicles, the mobility of those vehicles, and the sheer firepower of those weapons. Fixed heavy weapons such as the Browning M2 mechine gun and automatic grenade launchers such as the Mark 19 and the Heckler and Koch GMG greatly aided the defences of our bases against the LEOs, but defences do not win wars. Heavy weapons such as the autocannons mounted on Warrior, Bradley and BMP infantry fighting vehicles and Apache and Tiger attack helicopters, and even the main cannons mounted on the M1 Abrams tanks which took part in the Baghdad skirmish, proved devastating against LEOs. The combination of heavy armament, high mobility and protection means that armoured vehicles will prove decisive against this foe.
Recommendations - Attack helicopters like the Apache can respond quickly and loiter over the battlefield, ready to bring their armament to bear, Light vehicles such as the Humvee and our new Patria APCs are potentially still vulnerable to the claws of LEOs, yet still plentiful and armed. Main battle tanks like the M1 Abrams which saw action in Baghdad are heavily armed and armoured yet slow to respond. Different types of combat vehicles combine speed, firepower and armour in different ways, and we can leverage these by training of our troops and officers to understand these differences and adjust for them in a tactical environment.
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Non-Lethal Munitions
With the rapid healing and resistance to damage of the LEOs being readily apparent it may be considered ironic that some of the weapons which appear to have greatest effect are classed as less lethal weapons. The CCT footage recovered from the Tal Afar barracks showed two Federal Police officers using pepper spray aerosols against LEOs, one at least one CS gas grenade was employed in the same incident, all of which had observable effects on LEO combatants. During the attack on the Kirkuk base UNDC troops deployed stun grenades against LEOs on several occasions, with the bright flash and loud detonation of such grenades noticeably disorienting enemy combatants.
Recommendations - Non-lethal munitions such as stun grenades and tear gas are readily available for UNDC forces for use in crowd control and other specialised applications. Tear gas is even used in basic training of recruits by the armed forces of many UN member nations, and it is readily used in crowd control applications by both military and law-enforcement agencies, and even for self-defence by civilians. However its use in open warfare is forbidden by the Geneva Protocol of 1925, which prohibits "asphyxiating gas, or any other kind of gas, liquids, substances or similar materials." Considering the greatly diminished effect of standard infantry weapons against LEOs the possible use of tear gas on the battlefield may be a matter to be considered by the United Nations Security Council in the case of future combat against these opponents.
Regards,
Lt Colonel Keith Garretty
1st Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment