I do think there's one thing Baru Cormorant is really bad at, which is important here to discussion of the Realm, and so I am shamelessly going to steal the words of Arkady Martine on the subject.
But here's my real criticism of this book: I don't buy the seduction of the Masquerade. And I think if this book fails, it's there: in that its empire is too easily read as undesirable. As profane, unethical, fundamentally wrong. It is really overtly evil. It punishes sexual "deviants" with mutilation and death. It murders children callously. It inflicts plague and withholds vaccines. It lobotomizes its own emperors for the sake of convincing its populace that the emperor is just. Most of all, the Masquerade is a eugenicist empire: it is explicitly founded on not purity of bloodline but on purification of bloodline, on making people useful to it. It makes people: it breeds them carefully, it indoctrinates them through schools, it uses drugs and operant conditioning to transform their minds and make them into automata tools. It commits every atrocity that a modern Western reader recognizes as abhorrent. This is a problem. It is a problem because we are asked, as readers, to believe that there are reasons besides blackmail that a person would willingly become an agent of the Masquerade. We are asked to imagine that the Masquerade is a beautiful machine.
Dickinson tries, I will absolutely give him that credit: he knows he has to convince us. He tells us through Baru's own noticing that the Masquerade gives literacy and prosperity and those selfsame vaccines and that when a person or place has been subsumed, it's probably not all that bad to be a part of the Masquerade – and then he undoes it all again, by showing us that in-Masquerade people are engaged in a constant level of horrific policing of their neighbors for social sins. I cannot imagine being happy in this society. It is too awful. What it asks of the people within it is not sustainable as a society; it's also too brutal and un-orthos for me to respond to it as something which is an entrapment and a promise.
The Masquerade isn't civilized. It's civilization, but I don't recognize it as civilized, and this is a problem with a constructed empire.
I don't have a handy excerpt from A Memory Called Empire as easily at hand to show how responding to this clearly informed her ambitions in that book, but it's Teixcalaan that provides an illustration here that the Masquerade largely misses, and which is especially relevant to a far less modern empire.
What power does the Realm have over a neighbor it's hard to conquer? Poetry. Tapestry. Seven centuries of uninterrupted, flourishing literary canon. What is the most dangerous thing for a water aspect to bring to a seafolk village? Their singing voice. This is what makes the "barbarian" chieftains hunger for you - not just your gold but the shapes it is crafted into and the signals it sends about their proximity to your beauty, their fluency in your high culture. Even those who resent and resist it are charmed by inches and degrees because it is hard to hate art.