Actually Robert Lundgren's research from "
The World Wonder'd: What Really Happened off Samar," indicates that the Yamato's role in the Battle of Samar has been grossly understated. Part of the problem was that at the time no one in the USN knew the true size of the Yamato or its armament. Because of that there are no reports of 18" hits in the official records - because the Americans didn't even know the Yamato mounted guns that big. Many shots likely fired by the Yamato were listed in contemporary accounts as 14" shell hits, and so ascribed by later historians to other ships. Similarly, several of the US warships reported engaging a "45,000 ton battleship" when attacking the Yamato, but due to this innacurate reporting these reports have led historians to assume they engaged one of the smaller Japanese battleships.
From Lundgren's book, which gives virtually a blow by blow, shell by shell account of the battle it appears the Yamato scored the longest ranged damaging hit by a battleship ever with her third salvo against the escort carrier
White Plains at the start of the battle. At a range of 34,587 yards she scored a perfect and close straddle with six 18.1" shells. One of the shells hit the water and detonated under
White Plains' keel, doing her very serious structural damage - more in fact than the shell would have done had it scored a direct hit against the hull. This was because
Yamato's 18" shells were engineered to dive and maintain a stable trajectory under water with a 0.4 second fuze delay to inflict just this kind of damage.
Yamato fired one more salvo at
White Plains before losing her in the smoke laid by her escorts. Yamato then engaged the escort carrier
Kitkun Bay, scoring a straddle with her first salvo against her, before being forced to maneuver to avoid air attack. When
Yamato turned back to engage, she scored multiple hits on the destroyer USS
Johnston at a range of 20,000 yards.
Johnston's after action report assumed the shells were 14" projectiles, but Lundgren calculates that due to the angles and the reports from both sides
Johnston was almost certainly hit by three 18.1" shells from
Yamato's main guns, and three 6.1" shells from
Yamato's secondary battery. These hits were historically attributed to
Kongo, but Lundgren says that the angles make no sense as Kongo likely wouldn't even have been able to
see Johnston at the time she was hit, and
Kongo's own logs indicate she was not firing on the destroyer at that time.
Yamato then engaged the destroyers
Hoel and
Heermann, before being forced to turn away due to torpedoes. In the process
Hoel was hit multiple times by shells and fragments from the
Yamato and badly damaged, although still underway. For her part,
Hoel reported she had engaged the
Haruna, and it was previously assumed that the battleship that crippled her was the
Kongo, but again the positions and reports don't line up, and it was almost certainly the
Yamato that she attempted to torpedo, and who hammered her with shellfire.
Having turned back around after the torpedo attack,
Yamato found her view of the American carriers completely obscured by smoke. Switching to radar direction
Yamato began to engage a target she identified as an enemy "battleship," at a range of 21,920 yards. The target was actually the escort carrier
Gambier Bay (
Yamato didn't actually gain a visual on her until a minute later). At least one of
Yamato's radar-directed 18.1" shells sideswiped
Gambier Bay, ripping out a 4 foot by 4 foot hole forward of her engine room.
Yamato finally gained visual contact and identified its target as a carrier, continuing to fire, now joined by
Kongo. Between them the two battleships scored a further four damaging near misses and direct hits, crippling
Gambier Bay's engines, reducing her speed to 11 knots, and so dooming her.
Yamato then passed the crippled
Hoel and engaged her with her secondary battery, scoring six more hits and reducing
Hoel to sinking condition. At this point
Hoel's captain gave the order to abandon ship.
Yamato then came under heavy air attack and had to manuever to evade several torpedoes, again losing contact with the carriers.
Kurita, deciding that he was losing control of the battle and wanting to regroup his fleet, and made the fateful decision to disengage, ending
Yamato's part in the surface action.
The key takeaways are:
1.) The Yamato was far more active and effective in the Battle of Samar than previously though, in part due to serial misidentification of her size and armament by the American warships she was fighting. This has led previous historical accounts to attribute her actions to smaller Japanese battleships.
2.) Yamato's gunnery was extremely accurate. Yamato scored what can be argued to be the longest range hit by any battleship, ever, with a highly damaging under the keel detonation by one of her 18.1" shells against
White Plains at a range of 34,587 yards. Sorry
Warspite.
3.) Yamato scored a hit against
Gambier Bay at a range of around 21,000 yards using only radar.
4.) Yamato was directly responsible for the sinking of the destroyer
Hoel, badly damaged
Johnston, and - combined with
Kongo - scored the hits that doomed the escort carrier
Gambier Bay.
Basically, she did pretty well for herself, and was arguably the most effective Japanese warship of the battle.