Chapter 32
The Shaken Crescent
From its humble origins in Anatolia to its conquest of much of the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire seemed ascendant. First conquering rival Turkish states in Anatolia, then taking the scraps of Roman controlled land as well. This foundation would allow the Sultans to expand further across the Bosporus, taking more Roman land. Eventually, their armies would march through Greece, bringing most of that ancient land under their rule. Victorious men would turn North, shattering Bulgarian armies and directly ruling the lands of Eastern Rome's enemy. It was not enough. The Ottomans would secure the Serbians as vassals and crush the Crusade of Varna, making it clear they were a threat that Europe could not just wish away.
When the Sultan Mehmed marched on Constantinople, his armies seemed endless and unstoppable. He would take the City, turn his men on the remaining Beyliks in Anatolia and Roman lands in Greece, and secure his Empire for centuries to come. It would take the Lord himself intervening to save Constantinople and stop the Ottoman Empire from rising to replace Rome. Mehmed would certainly have felt such, looking upon the end of his enemy's rule.
It was, at this point, that God himself did intervene. Or so it would certainly have seemed at the time.
Constantinople would be whisked away to, as it would turn out, safety and prosperity. Mehmed would be left with the ashes of his God turning on him. The unstoppable Ottomans faltered. They would take Greece, yes, though the hold on the Morea would prove tenuous. They would rule all of Anatolia. But the loss of Constantinople, and Mehmed's resultant fall against Vlad the Great [1], would see the Ottoman advance halted. Their rise would continue, in fits and starts, yet the air of inevitability- of invincibility -was lost.
When word would arrive, nearly a century after Mehmed's prize was taken, of Constantinople's survival? Of how the City had thrived and built a new Empire in a new Eden?
Suffice it to say that, were any man but Suleiman ruling the Ottoman throne, the Empire may have fractured at the seams.
- The Fading Crescent: The Ottoman Empire in the Age of Discovery, University of Venice, 2025
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The Ottoman Empire in 1530 was a state only beginning to recover from
years of deprivation and chaos. The great Civil War between the sons of Bayezid was in the past, and the armies that Selim had worn down against Persians and Egyptians had begun to strengthen from the fragile shell they had become. Money once more flowed into the coffers of Istanbul
[2] from both taxes and trade with places as far flung as India or Crimea. Relations had even normalized with Venice to the point of trade opening up into the wider European market, though Genoa- still well remembering the fate of Galata -refused Ottoman merchants at every turn.
True enough, the Empire was a shadow of what it once was. Nowhere near where it might have been, had Mehmed not fallen to Vlad. Had Selim managed to dethrone the Mamlukes and take the grand prize that was Egypt.
Yet, nonetheless, the Empire was returning to normalcy. The deft hand of Suleiman, only twenty-six years old upon his ascension to the throne, had proven just and able. He had restored relations with those outside of the Empire. The Sultan had warmed relations with Persia through trade of border lands and agreements on the sharing of trade in Mesopotamia. He had fortified the borders in the Holy Land, grand castles rising from the sands. Old Crusader holds and new construction, both giving a watchful gaze towards Egypt. This investment continued as Jerusalem was rebuilt and rendered grander than it had been for many, many years. Even the Jewish Diaspora was treated well, continuing the policies of his wise grandfather, Bayezid.
Now thirty-six, Suleiman was approaching his middle-age and settling into his rule. He was secure from revolts, the powerful nobility sated with the increase in gold flowing through the Empire. The army was loyal to him in a way it had not been to his father, as he husbanded his resources and built a professional core the envy of any European King or Prince. His trade and income allowed for rebuilding the Ottoman Fleet, long left to languish as the successors of Mehmed poured resources into costly land campaigns in the East.
It should come as little surprise that, in spite of his growing reputation as a 'peace maker', Suleiman began to turn his thoughts to his legacy.
[3]
His eyes drifted from the shining minarets and gleaming palaces of his capital towards the frontiers of his Empire. The Persians remained, friendly for the moment yet always a potential foe. The Egyptians constantly probed at the border, as did his own armies, looking for any sign of weakness. His friendly relations with Venice mattered little when Suleiman desired to bring the Morea back to the fold and secure the final conquest of the troublesome Greeks. Even the Knights of Rhodes, secure on their petty island, were a potential avenue of expansion.
And then there was Wallachia. Proud, arrogant, Wallachia!
The sons of Vlad had long been a thorn to the Ottoman throne. Their rule over northern Bulgaria, less and less 'Bulgarian' by the day, irked the Sultan. As did their pretentions to glory, considering themselves heirs to the Roman throne. As if Suleiman were not, himself, the ruler of the Roman throne by right of conquest. His grandfather and father had been content to focus in the East, but as the third decade of the 16th Century began, Suleiman began to look towards the West. He would finish what his great-grandfather had started, by smashing the Wallachians and Hungarians.
Or so he may have planned, from what few writings survive from this period. Events would overtake him, as it would turn out. For as Suleiman began to marshal forces and plan campaigns, whispers began to reach Istanbul. Whispers from Western Europe. Tales of an Empire in the far, far West. An Empire ruled from the shining City of Constantinople, taken by the Lord from the perfidious Sultan Mehmed and gifted a new Eden.
It seemed easy enough to ignore such rumors, at first. Long had rumors spread that Constantinople had not been burned. Stories and tales that spoke of the truth, that the City had vanished in the night, spared the wrath of Mehmed the Butcher. Suleiman had known the truth from the moment he ascended the Throne. Much as it was denied to the ends of the Earth, the Sultans had preserved the truth. They maintained records that spoke of Constantinople being stolen from the Empire. Of how Mehmed had deliberately ruined his own reputation to preserve that of his line, of his Empire.
So, yes, Suleiman knew the truth. He knew that the rumors that sometimes flared up were true, though he stamped down on them as his predecessors had done. The legacy of Mehmed destroying Constantinople remained the 'truth' in the land of the Turks, as it must to preserve the legitimacy of their rule and claims to the Roman throne.
These new rumors, however, were nothing like the old ones. These came from France, from Spain and from Portugal. Lands where it had long been accepted that it was simply easier for all involved to pretend, they did not know how
false Mehmed's claims had been. These were not discontented Greeks or Serbs, speaking in hushed whispers and quiet tones of what their grandfathers had seen. These were merchants and Princes, speaking openly of trade with strange Greeks in a land ruled by even stranger devil-worshippers. Some brave men even spoke of crossing the wet, harsh jungle to set sail.
They had seen Constantinople with their own eyes, glittering with what seemed to be an endless wealth of gold. An Empire that had sprung up from a ruined root to become something grander, if smaller, than it had been for centuries.
As these rumors grew ever stronger and ever wilder, Suleiman...stopped.
Plans for conquest ground to a halt. Military preparations were canceled, and men sent home, be they soldiers or sailors. Istanbul seemed to pause to take in a breath, waiting for the Sultan's reaction. The stories continued to spread, becoming harder and harder to deny out of hand. Even the nobility began to whisper about how the Empire was founded on a grand lie. Those who had not, already, known the truth.
Even those who had long lived with the trust of the throne looked to Suleiman with wary eyes. These men had known the truth, yet they had assumed that Constantinople was
gone. Taken by the Lord to a place it could never be found again. Now the stories from the West were beginning to make clear that while the City had been 'saved'--
Stolen, some said, when pushed on the matter.
--it had, in fact, not been taken to another plane. It had merely been relocated halfway across the world, given a golden land to grow and cultivate. A land to reform its power and create an Empire that, by its very existence, brought the Ottoman state into question. The Sultans had spent so much blood and gold on building their throne and now it seemed as if the Lord himself had chosen the Romans over the Turks. None could deny the power of the Ottoman Empire. None could deny the legitimacy of their conquests.
It was not the existence of the Empire in question. It was their claim to be the chosen of the Lord. It was increasingly obvious that was a lie, and the Empire began to show the cracks at the seams that one could expect from that.
Vultures circled. Jeering, real or imagined, echoed from Egypt and even Persia. The Ottoman claim to superiority in the Islamic world had never seemed shakier and the Shīʿa rulers of Persia, especially, looked with joy at this development. And why should they have not? The rivalry between the schools of Islam remained as bitter as ever. As the truth of Constantinople's survival spread, it brought into sharp question any claims the Ottoman Sultans could make to primacy in the Islamic world. That was something that both Sunni and Shīʿa rulers would, naturally, take advantage of.
No grand military campaigns began. Even the vultures in waiting remained such, waiting with bated breath for Suleiman's reaction. The only real area of conflict would be Greece, where the Greek people were struggling with their own realizations of what this news meant to them.
In the halls of
Yeni Saray [4], the Sultan brooded. No word came from his residence. Writings, be they from Suleiman or those close to him, are scarce. None truly know what went through the mind of the Sultan in those days. It was apparent that he had chosen to step back and decide his next move. His grand dreams of conquest in Europe ground to a halt before they could even begin as he was forced to turn his attention to, once more, stabilizing his throne and Empire.
Suleiman, in later years, became known as a great lawmaker. This was as much out of necessity as out of an earnest desire. He had been presented with a fragile realm and had reinforced it, building a legal code from the ground up. He had taken the Ottoman Empire and reforged it in his image. Such was his work on laws that he became known as The Lawgiver in his own realm. His reformations had created the basis that allowed the Empire to survive the rumblings of Constantinople.
Even so, he was forced to put off military adventures to continue fortifying his legal code and rule. To further strengthen it from within.
While a famous poet and prolific writer in his own right, Suleiman wrote little of his personal thoughts and emotions in those days. By contrast, he wrote many, many legal documents. He was silent, yes, but not idle. He brooded but he did not fall into despair. None truly know what he thought in the aftermath of Constantinople's survival. What we can be certain of is that he did not sit and leave his realm to suffer. Suleiman worked to prepare for the future. He fortified his Empire and stabilized it from the throne on down.
And so it was that when word
did exit the palace, it was by means of the Sultan himself, standing before crowds of his people. He was recorded as a haggard man, his already slim frame rendered yet thinner by the stress of the
months he had spent isolated in his Palace. His face was gaunt, and his eyes rimmed with the marks of a man subsisting on little enough sleep. Later writers would make comparisons of Suleiman, in this moment, to Heraklonas of the Romans.
A slim and worn down man, to a man who lived a life of luxury. As if Suleiman, himself, were anything but rich and prosperous in his own right.
Nonetheless, Suleiman stood before his people and spoke of his family. He spoke of Bayezid the Just, who had welcomed the Jews with open arms and had worked tirelessly to forge an Empire out of what he had been left as a child. He spoke of his father, Selim, who had secured the throne from his arrogant and power-hungry brother, before taking his armies and battering aside those who circled hungrily at the frontiers. He spoke of his own actions, building upon those of his predecessors, to create an Empire he could be proud of. An Empire for all those within her borders, not just the Turks who had founded it.
And, indeed, he spoke of Mehmed. The crowds listening nearly broke into riots upon this. In his time in isolation, Suleiman had not been blind, but even he had missed just how much discontent had begun to be attached to the name of his great-grandfather. Anger had been directed at the memory of a man who, no matter his reputation in other nations, had long been remembered as a hero to patriotic Ottoman citizens. It had been Mehmed, after all, who had ended the Roman Empire and conquered the final remnants of Greece. His fall from grace had been treated less as a cautionary tale and more one of pity and anger directed upon the memory of Vlad the Third.
That view had been irrevocably shattered.
Mehmed had become known as the man the Lord hated. A man so despised and reviled that Constantinople had been taken up and given a new world to build a new Empire upon. Even the most proud of Turks began to look at his memory as a shameful one, as it became impossible to deny the reality of the situation.
Yet, Suleiman simply held his hand up and quieted the crowd with that single gesture. He continued to speak of Mehmed. Suleiman acknowledged that the Lord had shown no favor upon his great-grandfather. His words were pained as they pointed out that Mehmed had punished himself dearly for this fact. He brought forth records of Mehmed's decision to take all of the guilt, all of the pain, upon his own shoulders. Suleiman made no effort to deny that his family had been denied their prize. That Mehmed, in particular, had been chastised by the Lord for some reason that he could not even begin to guess at. Perhaps it was simply fate that the Ottoman Sultans were to never rule from the throne of Constantinople.
Indeed, he even admitted that he would not have been surprised if those listening lost their faith in his family. He pointed out that Mehmed had lost faith in himself and it was that simple fact that led to his falling to Vlad's blade. All of this was true.
Suleiman then looked out at the crowd and continued. He continued to speak of his family and how, in spite of all Mehmed's pain and suffering, they had never once stopped moving forward. Through infighting and destruction. Through death and loss so great that many families would have broken. Not once had the House of Osman given up, even with the Lord showing his lack of favor in them.
Through Bayezid's just actions, through Selim's military conquests, through Suleiman's own crafting of a legal code.
If he could not ask for forgiveness for the Grand Lie, if he could not claim to have the Lord's favor, Suleiman asked only for the faith of his people. He had never once lost his own faith in Allah or the teachings of the Prophet. He remained steadfast in his belief that his family had been placed in their position for a reason. Constantinople had been taken from them, but had they not built Istanbul into a shining beacon for the Islamic faithful in its place? Perhaps the Lord had chosen to punish Mehmed and the House of Osman.
All were punished by the Lord at some point in their lives. What mattered was how they moved forward from that, yes? And Suleiman spoke at length, as the sun moved across the sky and the moon rose in its place, of how his family- and he, in particular -intended to move forward. He ended a day of speaking with his people by looking towards first Egypt, and then Persia. He simply said this, from what records survive.
"I stand here as the holder of my family legacy. If you wish to challenge me in the name of the Lord, then come. I shall show you that we have not lost his favor, even now."
It seems so simple, yet so important. Many have cast doubt on this entire story, claiming that it doesn't fit for a ruler of that time or any number of other such things. The story has, almost certainly, been embellished.
The fact remains, however, that Suleiman retained the faith and loyalty of the majority of his people. At the edges of the Ottoman Empire, stress fractures opened up. Rebellions began. Skirmishes with those who wished to see it fall forever, be it to take their place or simply out of revenge for decades- centuries in some cases -of oppression and hatred.
In the face of this, Suleiman stood as perhaps the only man who could hold his Empire together after such a strong hammer blow to its very foundations. If only we knew more of what his personal, hidden, thoughts were. What he truly thought of Constantinople's thriving Empire. Of his family's future in the face of such a rebuke from the Lord, even if he had already known the truth, to some extent. Of how he planned to move his Empire forward from this and continue the legacy of the House of Osman.
For the 1530s would prove to be a point where the Ottoman Empire would either stand strong or break apart completely. There was no middle ground. The Empire would either survive or be relegated to the dustbin of history.
And Sultan Suleiman, no matter what else can be said of him, was determined it would not be the latter.
1. While commonly called 'Vlad the Impaler' for his brutal approach to those who broke his laws, Vlad is more commonly known as 'Vlad the Great' in his homeland. Wallachia prospered under his rule in a way it never had before. It grew in strength to the point that its sister principality, Moldavia, began to drift into its orbit. The control over the northern Bulgarian lands grew so strong that it seemed as if it was a natural extension to Wallachia herself. Vlad remains, to this day, a national hero in his homeland for this reason.
2. Istanbul, once a colloquial name for Constantinople, became the name of the successor city built in its place. Mehmed, chastised and bitter, saw no reason to claim the name of the City he had been denied. Perhaps out of a mix of both bitterness and fear that the Lord would punish him further. This would continue through his successors until, eventually, the name stuck. Istanbul it was and would remain, a shadow of the Queen of Cities...yet a shining bastion of Ottoman power in its own right.
3. Suleiman, for all his legal efforts, dreamed of conquest. He wished to become what his predecessors had failed at. He wanted to be a conqueror akin to Alexander, to spread his rule from Egypt to Hungary. Even, in his wildest dreams, to Italy itself. He claimed the title of 'Roman Emperor' as his father and grandfather had done before him. He dearly wished to prove that by defeating all his rivals and cementing Ottoman rule. In particular, he wanted to shatter Wallachia and avenge Mehmed. It was what he truly wished his legacy to be. The legacy of a great military leader, not simply a lawmaker.
4. Yeni Saray or
Saray-ı Cedîd-i Âmire, was the name of the grand new palace built at the heart of Istanbul. It was a large complex, home to the Sultan and the organs of Ottoman government. While not the grandest palace ever built, it was certainly an impressive edifice and a sign of the power- however faded -of the Ottoman throne.
So, this. This fought us. Hard. It was very difficult to get across how we wanted the Ottoman Empire to be here. It is a state coming out of a long period of chaos and war, finally getting back on its feet. A state with a ruler who is one of the best to ever live (also one of the last that will survive butterflies here). A state that, no matter its lesser successes compared to its OTL counterpart, remains powerful and with the potential to become even greater.
And then Constantinople comes back onto the world stage. And the Ottomans are revealed to be sitting at the heart of the greatest lie ever told. With powerful rivals who would be all too eager to take advantage, especially in the Islamic world.
It was difficult to do this. Kept vacillating between narrative, history book and some mix of the two. Eventually settled on this. It would be wrong to say we split this in half, since that implies a mega update that never existed, but we will be doing another part to this focused on Suleiman that will be narrative. Fun times.
Speaking of which:
It's funny, in a way. In our timeline, Suleiman is known as much for his military conquests- he had dreams as large, or even larger, than Mehmed in this regard -as for his political successes. Oh, certainly, he is famous for his cultural works and his reformations of the Judicial system. Somewhat akin to Alexios, in this timeline's Roman Empire. But he is equally as famous for his conquests in Hungary, of Rhodes and in the Middle East.
Yet, this Suleiman had no chance for such glory. He inherited a broken Empire, in many ways. Bled dry by successions of civil war and other such forms of crisis. He did not inherit a well-oiled military machine that he could immediately launch into conquest.
So, almost by default, we have a man who was forced to focus less on his dreams of glory, and more on his stabilization and investment of his own Empire. He is not a completely different man, no, but he is certainly not the Suleiman of our timeline, just as this is not the Ottoman Empire of our timeline. That was one of the most difficult parts of this update to get across, really.
In any case, hopefully it worked out well enough. Next one will focus on Suleiman, as said, then we'll look at Eastern Europe and the Middle East- with a small bit of North Africa -and after that...well. Back to Arcadia.
That'll be fun.
(not going to look at most of Africa, India or China or...well, Asia in general. Not relevant yet and we're trying to focus on areas directly impacted by the Romans before covering the world as a whole)