Since I was hearing about it a couple times here recently, I'll talk about Boarding Action next:
Typically, the only way to capture and take an enemy ship of space station for yourself is to get yourself some troopers and deliver them to the enemy's vessels or structures. There, the troopers will do battle with the enemy's troopers, crew and security system with the objective of the complete elimination of all of the enemy personnel and systems and seize control of the target.
Capturing ships will only work on ships of a minimum size. Therefore, a ship must have a minimum leadership value of 2 in order to be captured. Anything less would have to be destroyed.
To commence with boarding action, you need personnel to board and capture ships with. This means that you will have to hire troopers to do the job. You could use pilots to do the job, but they are more expensive and typically less effective than troopers overall.
After you got the troopers, you need the means to send them over to the enemy's ships and stations. There are two primary methods to do so. The safer of the two options is to use special boarding teleporters to teleport troopers onto the enemy's vessels. To use these teleporters, first, the target enemy vessel must not have any shields left. That means you need to use your fleet to deplete their shields first before you can send over troops. Then, once the shields are down, then the ship will teleport the troopers to the target as a special ability. This ability counts as a very short range ability in terms of a confrontation exchange, as explained
here.
Shuttles are purpose built ships with these teleporters and quite a bit of space for trooper transport built in them. You can also install these teleporters into another ship as a system upgrade and then use said ship as a shuttle, but keep in mind that while commencing the boarding action, the boarding ship can not shoot, deploy small craft, or do any other special ability, so it might be a bit vulnerable while it is trying to beam troops aboard.
An alternative, though bloodier, method is to outfit the troopers with jet-packs (available from equipment purchases) and to fly them over to the enemy vessel or station with said jet-packs. Again, it will be a very short range ability and the target's shields must be down first before you can board the target. The difference is that the boarding craft can do other things while the troopers are flying over like deploying squads from its hanger or attacking anything. And you do not need special teleporters to do this action, so this is a plus. However, when I said bloodier option, I really mean it. Flying around in a middle of space combat with nothing but your personal armor to protect you is dangerous to the troopers and expect a portion of them to die before making it to the ship. Generic troopers will die first in this manner before named troopers will. But this might be a cheaper option if you are too poor to afford shuttles or teleporters...
Once the troopers are on board, combat will ensure in a similar manner, mechanics-wise, as space combat, but with all of the combatants of either side forming a single unit. The boarding parties will first target the security systems and troopers first before the actual crew will be harmed. Once the enemy crew start to die off, expect the enemy ship to start suffering combat penalties, but still able to attack. At any time, you can resume attacking the target ship while boarding is underway, although it is generally not recommended unless there is a good reason to do so. Maybe the boarding action is about to fail and you still need to destroy the ship? Who knows.
Boarding and capturing ships and stations is hard, dangerous, and quite deadly work. Expect great loss of life whenever such things happen, but that is why trooper salaries and hiring fees are relatively cheap. Big rewards await you if you manage to capture the enemy ship, for you get the ship and any cargo it will be carrying as a reward. If the ship was carrying small craft in its hangers at the time of capture, you'll get those too.
Once the target is captured, it will remain idle until the end of battle. During battle, you can still attack it, and the enemy could attack it as well, although they will be a lot more interested in attacking active enemy ships before attempting to take back their property or destroying it.
At the end of battle, if the captured ship is still intact, you have some options on what to do with it if you are far away from civilization and deep in space. First of all, you could transfer any and all valuables onto the ships with cargo space and just demolishing the captured ship right then and there. Alternatively, you could pilot or tow the captured ship back to civilization where it will be added to your fleet automatically for additional use or sale. If the you are near civilization at the end of the battle, the latter of the options will be done automatically.
⚠ WARNING:
Beware that while you can capture enemy ships, the enemy can and will try to capture your ships too, including the
Great Fox. If the
Great Fox is captured, you will only have a few turns to take her back before the enemy will escape with her or just destroy her on the spot. If either of those two outcomes happen, the the quest will end in a failure. Note that if the
Great Fox was captured and you took her back, expect to lose some property (like spare equipment or unlaunched ships) and a need to repair the damage.
In addition, if Fox McCloud dies during boarding action (either on the offense or defense), the quest will end as well. Hopefully, you will not let that happen...
This is a long write up, so if you have any questions, please ask, and I will clear things up with you.