For those not familiar with the Followers of Palawa, they're an ancient order of mystics of a similar age to the Jedi. They have dramatically less influence on the Galaxy, and a general disdain for the Jedi since their original homeworld of Palawa was destroyed by the Jedi, though the exact details have been lost to history. Teras Kasi as a martial art is designed to counter the Jedi and help prevent the destruction of any other world by them. Given the course of Galactic History in Legends this was less than successful, if one counts Fallen Jedi anyway.
As far as joining the Followers vs the Coruscant Temple, I could go either way. The Followers are mostly an order of hermits at this point rather than a real force in the Galaxy, and as such while mastering Teras Kasi would be good, as well as what other Force Lore they might have, overall the Jedi have a lot more in the way of training to offer. Contrariwise, they also offer a lot more restrictions.
It's also possible that Anakin could go to the Coruscant Temple, train as an Initiate for awhile and then not get picked by a Master. He is rather old for the Temple's standards as things stand. While Qui-Gon would likely take wish to see him trained regardless, it's entirely possible, and indeed somewhat likely, that Qui-Gon won't survive Naboo. Obi Wan might not train him either, depending on the circumstances. If Anakin hits 13 without a master he's off to the Service Corps, or otherwise allowed to leave the Order.
Something to remember is that the Coruscant Temple doesn't force people to stay. It's just that after being raised there, and having your entire life being defined by your wish to be a Jedi, most of those who come through do whatever they can to stay Jedi. Anakin has a different life experience, and if we play our cards right we won't necessarily be stuck with the Coruscant Order... probably.
Going with Qui-Gon also means that Anakin remains involved with the plot of The Phantom Menace for good or ill.
Personally, if Anakin were going to be trained by any Jedi at this point, I'd personally prefer it to be Djinn Altis. He's basically the Jedi equivalent of a Loremaster, lots of esoteric knowledge, excellent and proven teaching skills, and a functional and realistic morality system that's still good. He's not a once in a lifetime combatant like Obi-Wan Kenobi, Mace Windu, or Yoda, but he's damn good at what he does.
