Chapter 56. Hitler muss weg
It is rather ironic that, instead of buttressing the National Socialist Regime, the outerwordly Berlin Dome did in fact hasten its demise.
2 - 23 March 1945, Deutsches Reich
After five and a half years of war, an eerie peace had finally descended upon the severely battered Reich.
Germany had lost millions of soldiers, dead, maimed or maybe even worse, prisoners in a Siberian Gulag. Hundreds of thousands of civilians had been killed by the Western Allied bombers or Soviet soldiers during their short but brutal occupation in Eastern Germany. The hospitals were overwhelmed by the sheer numbers of the sick and wounded, the health system being close to a collapse.
The German industry was almost completely destroyed, with the few factories still in business producing almost exclusively military gear. There were widespread shortages of almost every concievable commodity. The rations kept getting smaller with generalized famine beginning to raise its ugly head.
Being still theoretically at war with the outside World meant that the full embargo was still very much in place. Trade was of course possible with the friendly neutrals inside the Dome but the Reichsmark was almost worseless, Germany had no more Gold and no hope of acquiring debt.
In theory, the Wehrmacht could have been sent for plunder inside the Dome but, leaving aside the political backslash for such an action, the reprieve would have been very short as the other countries were in a similar or worse situation. Besides, Germany needed peace with the outer World in order to be allowed to trade lest its predicament was to continue...
The roads, the railroads, the electrical and communications grids, all infrastructure was severely damaged. The cities were smoldering ruins and hundreds of thousands were homeless with their lives, possessions and livelyhoods shattered. And the weather was still rather frosty...
Tens of thousands of girls and women had been raped by the Soviets. Most of them had venereal diseases. Some of them were pregnant, the children growing in their wombs being considered
subhuman by the official propaganda. Abortions were certainly needed.
En masse.
Millions of soldiers and officers were returning home, waiting to be demobilized as, under the new circumstances, the Reich only needed about half a million men under arms, maybe less. Most of them were deeply shocked by what they saw, some of them by what they did... About half of their brethren in arms were not returning home though, either buried in a Russian field or waiting the redemption of death in a Soviet Gulag.
Despite everything, at first, the overwhelming majority of the Germans were exuberant.
The damned war is finally over! No more death, no more bombardments, no more shortages! After all these sacrifices, when there was almost no hope anymore, we have won! Well, the Führer said that the war had been lost due to no Lebensraum or whatever but who cares, right?
Little by little though, realization sunk in. The war was over but their lives did not show any signs of improvement. No more people died in bombardments or on the battlefields but many still died of hunger, disease or exposure amongst the ruins. That was no peace, that was only a cessasion of hostilities. The blockade was still in place and millions were going to starve until the Reich reached its natural carrying capacity whatever that might have been.
After the spectacular victory over France in 1940, nine out of tens Germans loved their Führer. Five years later, nine out ten hated him, his henchmen and his political regime. Propaganda is always trumped by reality when you lack food, shelter, power, medicine, healthcare, work, everything.
An anti-Nazi uprising would have been possible anyway but there were two decisive factors which made it nigh inevitable. The first one was the Western Allied condition that Hitler and other high ranking Nazis be removed from power prior to a negotiated Peace Settlement. The second one was the latest of Hitler's ramblings, who apparently wanted to resume the war with Soviet Russia after a short period of "recovery".
In March 1945, most Germans saw their once beloved Führer as:
- responsable for their past and current disastrous situation (because of launching an unwinnable war against the entire World);
- responsable for the continuation of said disastrous situation (because he was an obstacle to the normalization of their relations with the Occident);
- responsable for future disasters (should he really start another war against the Soviet colossus).
Most Germans had already made up their mind:
Hitler muss weg (
Hitler must leave power; literary
Hitler must go).
Faced with the SS and a loyal Wehrmacht, the common people had obviously no chance of toppling the Nazi Regime. The fact that they took to the streets in the thousands in most major cities of Germany is proof of both their bravery and of their desperation.
The demonstrations, initially small and spontaneous, later increasingly larger and better organized, mushroomed quickly all over the Reich. Hungry and desperate Germans, young and old, men and women, wounded war veterans and newly demobilized soldiers, old-time anti-Nazis and disillusioned former Nazis, all flooded the centres of their cities, despite the danger and the cold weather, asking at first for food, shelter and medicine and then for regime change and the ousting of Hitler.
By the 23 of March, more than one hundred thousand people were demonstrating against Hitler all over Germany. The local police and the SS, including in some instances Waffen SS troops, had intervened against the demonstrators in a seemingly random and uncoordinated manner:
- no presence whatsoever in Stuttgart, Frankfurt, etc;
- passively blocking access to the official buildings in Köln, München, etc;
- deploying watercannons in Hamburg, Stettin, etc;
- beating up some unlucky protestors in Wien, Danzig, etc;
- breaking up the smaller demostration in Breslau and arresting a few people only to dissapear when confronted with a much larger and angrier crowd later;
- firing live ammunition in Königsberg which resulted in dozens of casualties and two weeks with no more demonstrations;
- massive crackdown and indiscriminate killings in Prag and Berlin which seemed to completely silence any opposition there for the time being.
Nobody knows for sure how the civic unrest would have progressed if the Werhmacht had stayed in the barracks. However, the German soldiers and many of their commanders remembered an war-time saying of theirs: "
When this mess is over, we have a business to do in Berlin".
In the end, the decisive intervention of the army was precipitated by the momentous events of the 24th of March.
Information about Hitler, Adolphine and others and the situation in the Bunker / Hirn during that turbulent period will be presented in the following chapters.