Intimacies work a bit different than virtues.
Virtues are things that came in the way of what YOU the character wanted. So if you wanted to really kill this guy, but your compassion was high, it would get in the way of trying to kill him, just because he had a sympathetic back story.
Intimacies are things your character feels and are a part of why they want something. Essentially, unlike virtues, which get in the way of what YOU the character wanted, Intimacies are WHY you want that.
So essentially, this charm gives his intimacies primacy. He could face down the Chaos Gods themselves and say no and stop them cold if they use ANY mind altering means or just social rolls to try and change his intimacies or mentally or emotionally effect him. Because as far as he is concerned? He IS the bigger picture, he knows that is up and what needs to be done and who are others to say what he could or should not do.
Hmm. I'm not sure I'd agree. I'd say that your virtues were just as much parts of you as your intimacies, they were aspects of who you were, what your character was. If you were too compassionate too kill someone, there wasn't some external compassion force that stopped you, it was because you were too soft hearted to go through with it. Similarly, if you were challenged by a superior foe and you failed the Valor roll to backdown because you have a high rating in it, it was because your Vapor is a reflection of who you are; you're the type of person who finds it hard to admit inferiority.
In this particular case; you might usually have to succeed at a Conviction roll in order to act against an Intimacy, representing the fact that you're a hard enough man to make the hard decision to hurt someone/thing you love in order to achieve your goals.
What Cosmic Transdence of (Virtue) did was change how your character's personality functioned.
Someone with Cosmic Transcendence of Valor never backs down, and never succumbs to fear. It's impossible for them. They auto-pass all Valor rolls. Even if they have an Intimac of Fear towards someone that would usually penalise a Valor roll, with five auto-successes they're always going to pass it. Their character has changed so that they can always overcome any fear they have.
Similarly; someone with Cosmic Transcendence of Conviction. They may love someone very much and have the Intimacy to prove it. However, if it comes down to a choice between achieving their goals and sacrificing what they love, they're now a person who always make the sacrifice, as rey auto-pass Conviction rolls with five successes.
It's the same with Temperance. You may love wine, genuinely l love it, but when your friend tries to persuade you to stay for one more glass after you'be decided to go home, the Infernal with Cosmic Transcendence of Temperance will always remember they have to go to work the next day and decide to go home,
More seriously, Cosmic Transcendence of Compassion is a special case because of SWLiHN's unique relationship with Compassion. In the abstract, she perceives societies and institutions rather than individuals, as being where value resides by default so for her Compassion is about the former not the later. She does not care about individuals she doesn't know at all. As a result, while the other versions of the Charm just make you extraordinary paragons of that virtue, the Compassion version also changes your definition of Compassion/what you're capable of empathising with in the abstract.
The Cosmic Transcendenxe charms weren't about resisting external influence: they were about massively strengthening some aspects of your self in relation to other parts. That might allow you to shrung off many forms of external influences that would try to play on other aspects of your character , and much better at doing things associated with the strengthened aspect.
In some ways they significantly reduced self-control. If you challenge an Infernal with Cosmic Transcendence of Valor it's literally impossibly for them to refuse. The charm has changed their personality so they cannot do otherwise. If you forced an Infernal with Cosmic Transcendence of Conviction into a trolley proble scenario where they have to choose between killing their beloved child or failing their objectives they would also choose to for their child to die, unless raising that child was their wider objective.