Public Encyclopedia
Thorkin Cissa, Tales of the Easterner ( Carthage University, 1949)
For a leader and a king, foresight is a resource only the competent have in surplus. So is ruthlessness; if one wishes to exact vengeance, fear, and respect in subjects and enemies alike. Intelligence is a forgone conclusion, as is charisma, and connections.
These are all well and good, but there is one trait that gets less credit than it deserves, one which only the juggernauts of history have been ingenious enough to cultivate, harness, and fine tune beyond the exceptional.
It is simply curiosity.
Curiosity is what led to greek fire, naptha, which effectively led to the eastern roman hegemony among the eastern mediterranean. Curiosity is also what led to the Marion reforms, increasing the lethality of the Roman legions.
Now what exactly did curiosity have to do for Dinga Cissa's reign?
Everything.
Although it was not totally apparent to the king at the time, his curiosity led to the adoption of the Libyan-Berber script, which heralded the first instance of the vast changes the Mande subgroups, primarily the Soninke, would undergo. He could have, of course, ignored it, along with the Berber's presence itself and simply absorbed them into a sea of Soninke without regret or devised his own peoples script from scratch.
Being the man that he was, he chose neither and fostered his curiosity for the intriguing symbols he had stumbled upon.
He acquired the script, which was quite simple in function at the time, and found it to be mostly used for very short messages on rock inscriptions, unfit for the development of a literate society to many modern scholars.
That did not stop it from developing more complexity though, especially with the years the southern Berbers had spent living increasingly sedentary lives as overlords, and the years Dinga devoted to mastering and adapting it for Soninke usage during the post-war period of his rule. His initiative in teach the ruling class, the Hooru, how to read, was instrumental in changing the script's ease of use, standardization of language, record keeping, messages and knowledge of an outside world beyond anything the other Mande groups of their time would have dreamed of.
This was the value of the script Dinga might have thought of after spending years along with his elders understanding and modifying it.
There was of course much more benefit it to it than that though.
The retention of knowledge and access to ideas that had been incubating in the midst of the Berbers near the Mediterranean and Middle East was the spark that eventually accelerated, Saharan, Sahelian and Sub-Saharan Africa's development. It was this advantage that Dinga had unknowingly grasped for his people. It must be understood that this new ability to read and write was a sudden cultural leap forward that was fast compared to what record keeping was before Berber integration with the Soninke was initiated.
This is not to say that the merging of the two peoples was lopsided, for the Mande Soninke did hold on to much of their cultural integrity, but they did gain knowledge of what the world of northern Africa was like at their own pace.
This was especially important since Rome, which was still fairly strong during the 4th century, alongside the far western tribes of Berbers penetrating into the lush Sahelian zones above the Serer, Fula and Jolof tribes gave them immense advantages.
Of course, these final benefits would not immediately come to Dinga's attention through usage of the script, but in fits and bursts, and many times after his reign had long ended, but it would be there. Findings of funeral stones of those with the means, or kings wishing to have a monument dedicated to life, and rich graves and random rock inscriptions of young lovers confessing their love were abundant. What would truly bring an aged Dinga and his successors dividends from their usage of the script would be the refounding, state sponsored exploitation, and protection of the less common rock and artifact inscriptions detailing the most efficient desert routes, oases, trade routes, salt deposits, lush pockets in the desert, and access to the runes of the Garamantes, mineral deposits, and more.
To be more concise, the power-projection, cementing, and diffusion of Ghanaian civilization across Africa was possible because of their historian and archaeologist-geared elites, starting with Dinga Cissa, and their successful integration of northern peoples on their terms.
This would be instrumental in their establishment of relationships with the more powerful Berber tribes that had needed little incentive to move down south from other tribes and away from Roman hegemony, and is also dealt with further in chapter 2, Early Ghana.
Note: Thx in advance, Notmi. Appreciate it.