Public Encyclopedia
Thorkin Cissa, Tales of the Easterner ( Carthage University, 1949)
There are very few cases in African history that a rags to riches ruler such as Dinga Cissa has come to power. Nor are there as many that have had as profound and lasting
an influence
on african culture as he has. To understand the long term results of Dinga Cissa
's rule, his policies and actions as the leader of the Wagadou union, or the Soninke or Sarakole tribe will be examined following the devastating great war.
After his almost Pyrrhic victory against the Berbers, Dinga Cissa's fortunes were tenuous at best. The tribes he had assembled into an alliance system had lost less than half of their capacity by the end of the battle with the Berbers
, while his own forces had been reduced to just a fourth of their number. His warriors were also tasked with occupying an enemy tribe that, according to documents found among the Soninke elite, numbered at least twice
the number
of Cissa's own tribe, the largest of the Soninke tribes. Not only
did he have to worry about
his what to do with his defeated enemy
, but it is clear that he was well aware that the military strength of his allies, and even more so for the neutral Soninke tribes, had eclipsed the Cissa in strength.
This was the state of problems that had piled onto Dinga Cissa and his tribe. It was a burden a lesser ruler may have been crushed under
, but not
for Dinga Cissa.
A war, understandably devastating to a people who had never seen such large scale death before, potential enemies within and among friends, and a loss of so many men, had created a source of blame that would have naturally fallen onto their former Berber masters if some of them had survived. Instead of the blame being thrown at their feet however, some of that soon fell onto the shoulders of Dinga himself
, since he had pushed for war in the first place
, as both the reincarnated king and in Dinga's personal policy itself. The anger did not render him in danger of being overthrown, but there are text present that carefully note that his support and popularity across all classes had noticeably diminished.
It was mitigated somewhat later by the well known fact that his war plans were
later documented as having been rendered mostly ineffective by a terrible incident involving a child and revelation of his war secrets to the enemy. This slowly dying anger was also noted upon in a few correspondents made out in letters addressed from those of the Hooru class concerning his innovations for a plan that would bolster the Cissa against any threats.
So taking all of this into account, Dinga used some of the goodwill earned
from the soldiers because of his participation in the thick of battle to good use. The soldier
's loyalty had only increased when
, instead of punishing the smaller verbal jabs at his rule from those who lashed out in grief and those who showed minor bout
s of disloyalty
, by overlooking the insubordination until it was truly dangerous. He further endeared himself by officially investigating and documenting the first widely known cases of PTSD in the early middle ages of west Africa, the "Death Curse". This in turn made sure that a stable and loyal army was present for the occupation of the Berber's and the reclamation of the Soninke's original territory stretching near Tichitt and Oulatta. That was not all the success
he would enjoy thanks to his military policy either.
Because of the watchful care Dinga had given to many of his soldiers, the cases of disruption in his disciplined army were very few during the occupation. This discipline was coupled with his defend and repel strategy, which emphasized that Berber non-combatants would not be harmed, resulting in much less struggle
, and
a lack of momentum for the Berber population to use for rebellion. It was this careful balancing act
that Dinga
had carefully maintained that opened the way up for both the female majority Berbers and Soninke populations to have the beginnings of a dialogue months after the Soninke victory.
For Dinga
, the moment was too large of an opportunity to not capitalize on. He used the seeds of forgiveness and surprising amount of cultural similarities among the Soninke and Berber women and children to draft a document that would come to form the basis of law and order among Soninke. That it would come to spread among other Mande groups and many sub-Saharan societies in the centuries to come was unknown at the time, but the document was celebrated under the name of "The True King's Decree".
This series of laws was brought before the higher echelons and among the broad populace, enjoying popularity across the board, even among the Berbers that were, according to the decree, accepted into the fold after a period of service. It was a work that had been developed with advisors pooled from Dinga's
loyal Soninke elders and secret trusted Berber advisors to help him in the process. That the decree stabilized his reign and legitimized his rule over the Berber's, many of whom added to themselves to his military strength, rapidly propelled the Cissa tribe as the dominant force in the region once more was one of the side benefits as well.
Of course, the attack that was inflicted on both his wife and him by a deranged Berber would have
been reversed
his efforts if he had been angered enough to extract vengeance on the entire Berber population at large. But he did not. Upon his recovery, Dinga Cissa ordered the punishment for the attacker to be carried out by a union of Berber and Soninke by stoning. It was this type of foresight that would ensure that Dinga
's Cissa would go down in African history as one of the most successful rulers of all time, especially with the pragmatic move of carefully examining the Berber's script, but that is a topic that deserves a section all on its own in the next segment…
NOTE: Happy New Year SV!