I have no idea how Cultivation works, so I can only assume learning about it from an Ant's pov is the best way.
This is an actually true explanation of the Xianxia/Cultivation Genre written to look cracky.
Generally, it is about absorbing magical radiation(AKA Qi) to become more powerful and live longer, usually with stages that are basically the point in which the concentration/purity/amount of radiation in your
reactorcore/body/soul is enough for a leap in power and/or lifespan, also, when you rise a stage, sometives Heaven tries to murder/cripple you with
tripsvisions/ lightning which can transform into animals or giants and tends to be black/red/multicolored.
Sometimes you have to comprehend or be enlightened about stuff to be able to rise your stage or become more powerful.
Also, pills, mortals(people with no cultivation) and stuff filled with magical radiation or special characteristics(Mostly plants and other cultivators) can be consumed to rise your cultivation faster than the usual method.
The usual method is to sit in a cave or a place filled with Qi for a few days/years/millenia/eons.
Also, the magical radiation usually causes the wildlife to become omnicidal,
australian absurdly big and/or sentient and capable of cultivation.
That is the basic template without gertting into the usual tropes like Jade/Icy Beauties who can only be cured by the MC's Magical Penis of Healing, Arrogant Young Master getting himself, and his entire family/clan/sect exterminated to the Nth generation because they or the MC dared to look at the other the wrong way, and the MC being from a backwater village in the middle of nowhere, which is the weakest region of a country the size of planet Earth, which is the weakest country of the weakest continent of the weakest Lower Realm(Not to be confused with a cultivation realm/stage, these are the equivalent of a world/universe, oh, and they are flat 99% of the time), a Lower Realm which might be the size of a city/small region in a Higher Realm.