In the world of Tiberian Sun, it's cheaper for GDI commanders to ship in food supplies then to build greenhouses to grow food on-site (experiments with using Tiberium to make food ended...badly.) You might see those on some really long-term bases, but for the most part they buy from civilian businesses, and then ship the supplies out to wherever they are needed. The Brotherhood of Nod also has some food production centers, but also raid civilian settlements and GDI bases for supplies if need be.
And it isn't like you don't have them, they are explicitly stated to be in GDI and Nod MCV databases. The Commander's reaction to this (utter confusion) should tell you how much this is used/known about by the common Commander, however. For the most part, they get the food they need from their CO, manufacture equipment on site using Tiberium, and commence military operations.
So like I said, all slow growth stuff, where lettuce takes a full month at minimum to grow enough to be fit for harvest, and pretty much everything else takes longer even under optimal conditions. Long term habitation bases and places meant to resist a siege will probably, as noted, have on site production facilities, but quite frankly even during the era of Tiberian Sun GDI was generally considered to be holding the strategic and second strike capacity advantage. Sieges wouldn't really be a thing when their reinforcements could be deployed rapidly and in force.
Nod's unlikely to raid GDI bases for supplies though, unless running far from their standard supply lines and in desperate need of replenishment, or as part of a plan to strike deep into GDI heartlands with a minimal baggage train. And it'd still be risky. Even raiding civilian settlements for the sake of supplies isn't that great an idea given the risk of destroying what you want to get.
Extortion works much better.