I figured an info post on the region was in order, especially before the diplomatic turn. Please refer to the map to see where each country is. This should be the last info post for a while too. Next update will be the diplomatic turn.
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Countries of North Africa and the Middle East
Adal Sultanate: Somalia kingdom that helped itself to Ethiopia during a civil war in the 1840s, and has managed to consolidate power since. It attempted to push into Spanish Kenya when its empire collapsed, but didn't get far before Burgundy asserted control over most of the region. It's since courted investment from Scandinavia and Bengal to minor success. Owns the Socotra Islands off the horn, which Yemen still claims, as it previously owned them before Spain took then lost them. Dislikes Yemen on account of it being socialist, but otherwise unconcerned by it if it stays on its side of the strait.
Armenia: Carved out of Ottomans and Iran by Macedonia, it's an allied Christian kingdom meant to give them a foothold in the region. The king was a local noble, and former official in the Ottoman Empire, who threw in with the Crusaders when it looked like they were winning. There was no Armenian Genocide, so their population didn't suffer like it did in real life, but the country is quite large with many other ethnicities in it put under the boot. Its current government is quite intent on maintaining power and firmly attached itself at the hip to Macedonia as its new patron, even if that causes increased resentment and unrest among the population.
Assyria: It was founded in the wake of the Crusade by Aragon, later propped up by Macedonia, as a Christian Assyrian republic meant to give police the interior. It was kept separate from Syria to prevent it from having access to the coast, forcing it to rely on Syria for trade. There was no genocide of them like in real life, so Assyrian demographics are still fairly high, but still constitute a minority within the country. In a similar situation as Armenia. Its rulers are ride or die for Macedonia in order to hold onto power.
Egypt: You folks, the players, see related info post.
Ethiopia: The kingdom was weakened by territorial losses in previous decades, but has since stabilized and held onto what it could, reluctantly accepting that it was stuck between two sultanates. It attempted to court Spain and Aragon for backing but found little support despite being Christian, on account of being African. It's been forced to accept the status quo of playing second fiddle to other powers in the region.
Funj Sultanate: Sudanese kingdom that managed to hold off Egypt's attempts at conquering it. It was preparing to fight off Venice when its colonial empire got cut out from under it, giving them more room to breathe and develop. It's fairly stable, with a modernizing military, funded in part by Burgundy seeking a friendly state in the region. It's politically conservative, as you'd expect from a monarchy. Uninterested in getting dragged into Egyptian affairs.
Hejaz: It is a Caliphate and member of the Arab League. The ruler claims the title from relation to the previous holder who was vassal to the Ottomans. It backs Nejd to the hilt, and is quite vocal about the need to destroy Levant. Controls Mecca and Medina, granting it a great deal of soft power, especially after the destruction of all Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem. Otherwise it's a junior partner in terms of population and military.
Iran: Formed by a Turkoman/Azerbaijani khanate from the Caucasus that managed to outmaneuver and conquer its rival dynasties in Persia to unite the country. It received aid from Crimea in doing so, an alliance which has remained strong, as Crimea formed Tatarstan and invested heavily into Iran. The monarchy was overthrown in a coup which turned into a revolution, establishing a left leaning republic with a strong socialist streak. Fully committed to the Black Seat Pact. Nearly on par with Turkey in terms of development. Its oil wells are well established. Qeshm Island off its coast in the Strait of Hormuz was owned by Spain until its revolution, whereupon Iranian soldiers told the garrison they'd have safe passage back home if they left, which they did, and retook the island without firing a shot.
Iraq: It exists in the shadow of Iran, before and after it was unified. It's a kingdom with close ties between a modernizing military and the monarchy. Spain was making inroads into the country when its empire collapsed, leaving Iraq with some industry and investments it could seize without fear of repercussions. It attempted to take territory off the Ottomans during the Tenth Crusade but failed to take Mosul and eventually pulled back when Iran threatened to intervene. Since then, it has attempted to court closer ties with the Arab League, Sadozai Kingdom, and make overtures to the Black Sea Pact.
Levant: Otherwise known as the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It is an aggressive apartheid crusader state ruled by a Sicilian-Catalan king conducting ethnic cleansing against Jews and Muslims alike. Currently waging a low intensity war against much of the countryside, fending off never ending skirmishes from the Arab League in the East Bank. It remains afloat from Macedonian and Polish investment and arms. Its goal is the conversion of everyone in the region to Catholicism, and failing that it's fine ramping up its genocide. Is explicitly at war with Islam and Arabs as a concept.
Maghreb: A kingdom that once covered Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, it managed to survive in the Algerian interior despite Spanish and Aragonese attempts to fully conquer it. It was more like a government in exile at that point, it managed to regain its momentum when the Spanish Revolution occurred, giving it breathing room to recuperate. It would ask for its former territories back, but many voted to remain within the Iberian Union, preferring socialism to monarchism. Nonetheless many Iberian Arabs went over the border to arm and train Maghreb, and fifteen years later fought alongside the kingdom to push Aragon out of much of North Africa. Since then socialism has expanded in the kingdom, with parties similar to the AENC forming. It's understood that once the aging king passes away the monarchy will be dissolved. The decision is held off out of polite respect for the king for holding the country together. It's currently aimed at Aragon to reconquer the coastline. It's likely to seek closer ties with the Arab League and push for Iberian Morocco to join it once it transitions to socialism.
Nejd: The kingdom behind the Arab League. It's the biggest member, literally and metaphorically, with the largest economy and population. It's on the front lines fighting Levant, attempting to court allies from abroad to rally the Muslim world behind their cause to drive out imperialists. It often leaves out the part where it cozied up to Spain as a patron and backer, leaving it with a great deal of wealth and arms from their dealings. Spain conquered the Gulf States, which overthrew the collapsing regime during the Spanish Revolution, only for Nejd and Oman to intervene and conquer them for themselves. It houses the Yemen monarchy in exile and would like to see it returned to the throne, though it's willing to put that aside until after Levant is dealt with. The king hopes that Egypt will see reason and aid it in putting the peninsula back in order when the time comes.
Oman: Another junior partner in the Arab League, and another former client state of Spain that benefited from its collapse. It marches lockstep with Nejd, and contributes what manpower it can to aid in harassing Levant. Receiving minor investments from Scandinavia in exchange for basing rights. Doesn't care much for Iran, claiming that Spain had transferred Qeshm Island to them to safeguard, which there is no proof of such a promise. It's fine with reparations for the loss of territory, paid for in gold preferably.
Syria: A Christian republic established by Aragon, now backed by Macedonia. It's taken a less hardline stance against Muslims and Jews than Levant has, but is still controlled by a Syriac Christian business class backed by European expats in coastal cities. Macedonia is settling Greeks in Antioch and Alexandretta/Iskenderun, attempting to claim the cities for itself. Macedonia dreams of a Seleucid homeland reborn. Some concessions are given to local elites in the interior, establishing a patron system between coastal bourgeoisie and interior nobility. The northern border is slowly fortifying in preparation for the next war against Turkey.
Turkey: Socialist republic formed during the Tenth Crusade by an officer's coup, led by General Hassan. He favoured the more centrist Free Officers within his cabinet, pushing a military first doctrine backed by a strong centralized state and closer ties with the Black Sea Pact. It's preparing for the next war, and expects to liberate its former lands or die trying. Seeking aid from the Comintern to aid in expanding its industry, and also floating forming closer ties to the Arab League as possible allies against Macedonia's puppet regimes.
Yemen: It was conquered by Spain, but managed to overthrow it during its revolution, and socialists managed to seize power during the revolt, establishing a Pan-Arab state. The monarchy fled to Nejd, where it's spent the last fifteen years making ties with the royal family. It likely would have been attacked by its neighbours, had it not been for the Tenth Crusade drawing everyone's attention elsewhere. While Aragon didn't push as far inland from the Levant as it had hoped, it did raid the coastline and attack several cities on the peninsula. Yemen repulsed Aragonese marines multiple times, and sent aid to Hejaz, preventing Mecca from being razed. Saving the city earned Yemen a great deal of goodwill from many. The president knows his allies are jackals and vipers intent on crushing Yemen, but his army is battle hardened and knows that the people of the peninsula yearn for freedom. The only question is if the fires of revolution will be fueled or allowed to be snuffed out. He looks to the AENC as a source of inspiration and believes that the Arab world will soon be able to throw off the shackles of imperialists and reactionaries, and create an United Arab Republic.