Theophilos' decision to sally from the city and engage the barbaroi was not hotly contested by what documentation we have of the time, although the prospect of taking a numerically inferior force against an approaching enemy must have seemed risky to those involved. There has been plenty of debate over what exactly was Theophilos' reasoning for such a decision, though it is generally agreed that the risk to Odessos would have been the primary motivating factor. The Basileus was not one for indecisiveness and showed adroit and effective management of the army as they left the roads, demonstrating a grasp of the terrain which is all the more impressive considering his inexperience in warfare. By the contemporaneous accounts of the early maneuvers the Emperor seemed determined to bring the barbaroi to battle and make best use of his cavalry as a decisive factor.
But in command of the opposite force was the newly ascended Chief Mumagechee, who seemed determined to stack the odds as much in his favor as possible. The Romans came under repeated attack from archers and skirmishers as they slowly corralled the native force against the Potawatomi river, a repeated series of engagements which did little to inflict casualties but did disrupt the column and forced Theophilos to rely increasingly on his cavalry for mobility. By the second day of loose contact it was clear to both commanders that a pressed battle was inevitable - Mumagechee could not ford the Potawatomi and risk his rear, and so would be obligated to break the Roman army. Against a native force that resembled a well-organised mob more than a formation, Theophilos appears to have been anticipating victory before the battle even began. The order to advance was given with tightly packed infantry attempting to force the barbaroi against the river. Theophilos held his cavalry in reserve, waiting for the opportunity to deliver a hammer blow.
This was a fatal mistake. Instead of attempting to break free, Mumagechee kept his men back until they were thoroughly engaged, allowing less than fifty meters of space to retreat. This is likely to have been to persuade his forces to fight rather than flee, but it had the side-effect of negating the Roman cavalry who suddenly lacked the ability to maneuver. That Theophilos pressed on and attempted to win the battle at nearly 2:1 odds with infantry alone can only be described as arrogance - believing that his own soldiers, equipment, and tactical acumen were nakedly superior in every respect. The unfortunate reality was that this was not true, and Mumagechee may not have been the Emperor's equal in the open field or ability to maneuver, but was certainly not overtly inferior. Some four hours into the battle it was becoming clear to Theophilos that he would be unable to rout the Potawatomi forces before nightfall, if at all. The Emperor ordered a withdrawal, and was finally able to use his cavalry to best effect to secure a minimally damaging retreat.
The casualties are difficult to tally, and indeed Roman historians of the time described the battle as merely a light skirmish. But Theophilos lost nearly a fifth of his forces in the battle, and the psychological blow of being unable to overwhelm a seemingly more primitive opponent seems to have shaken the Emperor who acted very cautiously from then on. Mumagechee withdrew in good order across the river and the two would meet again only when the full force of the Elysian militia had assembled. Declarations at the time touted it as a victory, forcing the barbaroi to withdraw away from Odessos entirely, but the Battle of the Potawatomi River was a stark glimpse into the reality that the Elysians were contending with native tribes which had to be taken far more seriously as threats than they had been. Theophilos would defeat Mumagechee in the Battle of Nea Konstantinopolis two weeks later, forcing the Potawatomi forces into a general retreat with the strength of the entire Elysian militia.
Silver and Steel: Elysia and Indigenous Peoples. London Publishing House, 1972.
Roman Casualties: 2400 Men
Roman Army: 5600 Men
Potawatomi Casualties: 3200 Men
Potawatomi Army: 3800 Men
[ ] Begin a general campaign into Potawatomi territory.
[ ] Conduct a retributive raid into Potawatomi territory.
[ ] Set a watch on the border and return to the capital.
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