Operational Analysis: Case White
Case White Encompasses all operations of the Reichswehr on the Eastern Front of the Civil War from April 1920 to July 1920.
Prelude: After the chaos of the Triad's Putsch and the KPD's uprising, the Republic was in a precarious position. Flanked from both sides by the insurgent forces, with the KPD controlling the largest industrial centre of Germany and attempting to rise up in several other cities nominally under Republican control, and the Triad having taken with them half of the army, officer corps and the best farmlands of Germany, the Republic's chances of survival looked grim. Yet it endured. By analysing the operations undertaken by the Reichswehr during the civil war, the tactical situation on the ground and the strategic situation hanging over the three participants, we may be able to find out how, and more importantly get a glimpse at the future of warfare.
As of April the battle lines on the Eastern Front had settled on the Oder and Neisse river lines. Two drafts were pushed forward; Case Yellow, an aggressive attempt to break through the defensive terrain and into the Prussian plains, where the rolling stock advantage of the Republic could be used in order to outmanoeuvre the Triad forces, and Case White, a defensive approach which would attempt to attrition and delay the enemy using the River Lines to its full advantage, taking advantage of the Triad's inadequacy when it came to expanding or replacing their forces, as a result of the lack of war industries in their territories. After a strategic analysis, Case White was chosen as the operational concept on the Eastern Front.
April - May
The first month of the war proper saw an aggressive push by concentrated Triad forces up the land bridge between Oder and Neisse, which managed to reach but halted at Frankfurt an der Oder. Republican forces managed to delay Triumvirate forces successfully, with a lack of decisive advantage on both sides proving telling. The Triad managed to concentrate its forces initially, but the Republican forces could afterwards use the rail lines to rapidly reinforce the critical sector and stabilize the front. Both sides took significant attrition, roughly 4 regiments worth of manpower each.
May-June
The second month of the war, despite being undergunned and somewhat outnumbered, the Republican forces decided to attempt to take a stand in Frankfurt and der Oder, likely partially due to political considerations. The Triad attempted a diversionary attack across the river in the north, and a stronger, concentrated push across the Neisse river in the south in order to pin the Republican Forces and set up an attack on Frankfurt an der Oder from two directions. The northern attack was easily rebuffed thanks to fresh reinforcements, hampering this plan, and neither the southern push nor the attack into Frankfurt an der Oder were clean successes for the Triad. Republican attempts to counterattack into Frankfurt an der Oder were foiled by light coastal artillery repositioned into the area and the lifting of shell restrictions for the Triad's forces, however they were successful in denying more staging areas. Casualties were again mostly even by all appearances, and significant, although it is possible they were more in the Republic's favour thanks to the Northern Offensive being rebuffed so harshly. The Republic took actions during this period to accelerate cadet training and consolidating and upping the firepower of Freikorps, rather then attempting to simply fill the gaps with more men. The numbers involved were starting to look somewhat precarious for the republic as a result, but the quality of their units saw an increase in return, twice so as the less capable units attrited away.
June-July
The third month of the war might be pointed to by some as the 'turning point' of the Eastern Front, while others may regard it as the inevitable conclusion resulting from the previous two months actions. A short and violent assault continuing on their gains in the previous month, accompanied by diversionary attacks across the Oder was enough to draw in Republican reserves in anticipation of a decisive push in the centre. As it turns out this was a feint, and the Triad managed to take advantage of it in order to cross the Neisse with a daring night assault. The war turned mobile for almost two weeks, as the Triad managed to apply their advantage in training, junior leadership and cavalry to outmanoeuvre Republican forces, and strike for Berlin. The General in charge of Third Army also misjudged the aim of the offensive, prioritising the defence of industrial centres in Saxony rather then Berlin. However, things quickly stabilized when Infantry Division 'Deutschland' deployed to meet their thrust, and the enemy lacked the numbers to achieve numerical superiority anywhere. As a result the attack stalled, and the enemy was left in a precarious position, significantly overextended both regarding their supply situation and the troops to frontage ratio. Despite the impressive speed they managed to maintain for a less then impressive week, they were still unable to leverage this to cause large casualties on Republican Forces; The losses were again mostly even, predicted to be higher on the Triad's side. They also had at this point run out of their capacity to reinforce their high combat power units, as Abwehr intelligence noted that their Infantry Divisions were getting consolidated and militia units raised to replace them. Their shell situation was predicted to be poor, and their most impressive units were all stuck in the salient they've created, exhausted and unable to rest and refit. Their situation had gone from poor to terrible, and the republic was ready to counterattack.
July-August
A very large influx of reinforcements, three (3) fresh Divisions, and the reallocation of another heavy artillery regiment up from one (1) to (2) allowed the Republic to embark on what could be called the most ambitious offensive of the war. Rather then limiting itself to merely punishing the overextended forces in Saxony, the Republic decided to lunge over the Oder near Stettin. Internal Unrest delayed the original plans to pressure the Saxon Salient, but after a week that too commenced. Steady pressure on the south combined with the Northern Lunge managed to dismantle their forces completely; after three weeks of fighting the Baltic ports had been seized, and just afterwards most of their forces in the South had been forced to surrender while desertions across every level of the Triads forces apart from their High Command had reached crippling levels. Shortly after an unconditional surrender arrived from Königsberg as the military leadership and civil servants had revolted after the Triads plan for a total defence of Eastern Prussia had been unveiled. 3 months of hard fought offensives had degraded the whole house of cards the Triad had built, and all that was needed to bring the whole thing down was kicking the door in.
Tactical Analysis:
The war has brought two points into focus above all else; the success of our Infantry reforms as to achieving breakthroughs while limiting losses in personnel, and the continued failures of exploiting said breakthroughs. The triad managed to leverage a small but noticeable advantage to impressive effect compared to the battles of 1914, as breakthroughs were achieved without the appalling loss of life seen during the great war. Some of that can be attributed to the lower troop density, however a larger part can be pointed towards the many advances in the tactics and equipment of German Infantry Divisions. Despite this however the Triad could never leverage this into more decisive blows; the Republics mostly equivalent troop quality kept the Triad from inflicting disproportionate losses, and even when they managed to completely outmanoeuvre the Republic in June they failed to inflict large casualties nor gain a strategic advantage. This lack of exploitation points towards the need to motorise the army; Cavalry are unable to bring the firepower needed to apply modern German doctrine. The potential of tanks to multiply the firepower of such a mobile force should also be stressed, and efforts to develop this equipment, despite the treaty, should be attempted in order for the Reichswehr to compete with its peers in the future.
Woof, that was a chunky post. An analysis of the wargame as played out in the first quest over at SpaceBattles. 2 more posts are planned, one covering the Western Front against the KPD and then an overall Strategic Analysis and conclusion. Not part of the writing prompts, but I've had this in my mind for longer.