We Will Conquer the Entire World!

Status
Not open for further replies.
[Map] The Fall of Yugoslavia
The Fall of Yugoslavia
5-14 December 1939
Previous map from this series: 9 November - 7 December 1939.

Bonus: Yugoslav Royal Plane route and hijacking


Legend:
  • Yugoslav Royal Plane route and hijacking (5 December)
    • Orange Line: Yugoslav Royal Plane flight prior to the hijacking;
    • Dotted Orange Line: Yugoslav Royal Plane planned route;
    • Fuchsia Line: Yugoslav Royal Plane actual route after the hijacking.
  • De jure situation shown (before the official dissolution of Yugoslavia);
  • National colours as usual;
  • Albania is an Italian Protectorate and in Personal Union with Italy;
  • Hungary and Bulgaria (and Slovakia) are Romanian Puppets;
  • Pale Colours: Areas of Yugoslavia controlled by the invaders (Italy, Germany, Romania) and the Yugoslav Government (14 December);
  • Black Lines: National borders;
  • Grey Lines: Internal (informal) regions of Yugoslavia
    • Slovenia (except Prekmurje) -- Slovenia -- assigned to the German Reich (Protectorate);
    • Prekmurje, Međimurje, Baranya, Bačka -- assigned to Hungary;
    • Western Banat, parts of Timok -- assigned to Romania;
    • Tsaribrod, Bosilegrad, parts of Macedonia -- assigned to Bulgaria;
    • parts of Macedonia, parts of Kosovo, parts of Sanjak, parts of Montenegro -- assigned to Albania;
    • Montenegro, parts of Serbian Sanjak -- Montenegro -- assigned to Italy (Protectorate / Personal Union);
    • Cattaro (Kotor), parts of Dalmatia, Adriatic Islands, Fiume hinterland -- assigned to Italy;
    • Serbia Proper, Syrmia, parts of Timok, parts of Serbian Sanjak, parts of Kosovo -- Serbia -- assigned to Romania (puppet);
    • Croatia-Slavonia, parts of Dalmatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina -- Croatia -- Independent country (under Italian and Romanian influence);
  • Green Lines: Italian frontlines (14 December);
  • Cyan Lines: German frontlines (14 December);
  • Violet Lines: Romanian frontlines (14 December);
  • Wide Pink Line: Limit between the agreed zones of influence of Italy and Romania.

Note: The actual result of the dissolution of Yugoslavia will be presented in the following chapter (with another accompanying map).
 
Chapter 32. The Partition of Yugoslavia
Chapter 32. The Partition of Yugoslavia



7-13 December 1939, Yugoslavia


Yugoslavia was doomed. The Regent, the rump Government, the Army High Command, everybody understood that perfectly well. There was absolutely nothing they could do, except to postpone the inevitable outcome for a little while. The Italians and the Germans had made it absolutely clear that there could be no negotiations, nothing short than unconditional surrender followed by the complete dissolution and partition of the country. The addition of the Hungarian, Romanian and Bulgarian armies to the invading Axis forces completed the encirclement of the remaining Yugoslav forces and hastened the end.

Although there was already clear that no help from the Entente was forthcoming, the Yugoslavs decided to continue the fight until overwhelmed by the enemy forces and to organize a Government in Exile and Armed Forces in the West as well as a network of partisans, the Home Army, in the occupied country.

However, that proved to be easier said than done as all the Yugoslav plans ended in total failure:
  • The evacuation of the Royal Family failed. For unknown reasons, the Royal Plane changed course unexpectedly and, maintaining radio silence, crossed the border into Bulgaria heading towards Sofia. Nothing else was known about the fate of the Royal Family and, because Bulgaria entered the war during the same day, they were presumed to be either dead or captive.
  • The evacuation of a part of the central government failed. The plane dissapeared without a trace in the mountains near the border with Greece. Badly contorted wreckage was found three days later by the Greek authorities close to the border. The initial findings of the investigation pointed towards a sudden catastrophic failure of the aircraft caused either by an onboard bomb or by enemy fire.
  • The evacuation of the treasury (69 million dollars in gold) failed. One tonne of gold was lost with the Royal Plane in Bulgaria, another tonne, from the plane downed in northern Greece, seemed to have vanished, being probably stolen. The armoured train transporting the bulk of the treasury (55 tonnes of gold) had to stop short of the border with Greece as the railroad was cut off when the Bulgarians linked with the Albanians in southern Vardar Macedonia. The Yugoslav soldiers dumped most of the gold in the Vardar River but somebody must have revealed the location because the Bulgarians retreived it a couple of days later.
  • The evacuation of a part of the army to Greece failed when the Bulgarians linked with the Albanians in southern Vardar Macedonia. Less than two thousand Yugoslav soldiers who were fighting near the Greek border managed to cross it and they were interned. Only about one thousand of them "escaped" and, eventually, found their way to France, their further contribution to the Allied war effort being minimal.
  • An underground "Yugoslav Home Army" (Chetniks) was, indeed, hastily created but, obviously, its effectiveness in the Romanian-controlled areas was extremely limited as the support of the civilian population was non-existent. Soon, the Chetniks were co-opted by the Romanians who allowed them to operate in the Italian-controlled areas for reasons which would become clear later.

Because it was obviously impossible to hold ground on all fronts, the Yugoslavs decided to abandon the remainder of Serbia Proper to the Romanians and retreat to the easier to defend central Bosnia. Thus, in a matter of days, the Romanians advanced all the way to the forests of eastern Bosnia. In the mean time, the Germans managed to take Banja Luka and Tuzla in northern Bosnia and the Italians isolated Mostar and continued to advance towards Sarajevo.



14 December 1939, Yugoslavia

On the 14th of December, the Yugoslavs controlled only a rapidly shrinking area around Sarajevo and Zenica in central Bosnia, plus the besieged cities of Mostar and Split and, of course, the remote areas in the mountains and forests roamed by the Chetniks.

The Yugoslav defenders were outnumbered more than ten to one, lacked ammunition, petrol and food and were bombed mercilessly day and night, with impunity. In those conditions, an envoy sent by Prince Regent Paul offered to surrender central Bosnia to the Romanians. Without informing the Germans or the Italians of the Yugoslav offer, Anne accepted it and ordered General Antonescu to enter Sarajevo.

At noon, all Yugoslav forces in central Bosnia surrendered to the Romanians who entered Sarajevo less than two hours later. The Prince Regent, the remaining members of the Yugoslav Government and the whole Army High Command were taken into custody and flown to Sofia immediately.

With the remaining frontlines disintegrating rapidly, the Italians took Zenica but were welcomed at the outskirts of Sarajevo by the well rested and joyous Romanian forces.

As the war was essentially over, the Germans stopped all offensive operations and prepared to evacuate northern Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia as soon as the Romanians and the Italians were ready to take over the occupation duties in their allotted sectors.



15-24 December 1939, Yugoslavia

Mostar and Split surrendered to the Italians, thus ending the military conquest of Yugoslavia.

The Wehrmacht retreated beyond the Slovene border with great haste, turning over to Italian control a small area in north-western Bosnia and to Romanian control the rest of their controlled areas in Croatia, Bosnia, Syrmia and Serbia Proper, including the capital, Belgrade.

About seven thousand Volkdeutsche retreated with the Wehrmacht, some of them voluntarily, others essentially abducted from their homes to be taken Heim ins Reich.

All German officers and randomly selected soldiers and German civilians were subjected to elaborate psychological tests meant to assess whether they were influenced by Anne's powers in any way. To the relief of Hitler, the results were constantly negative.

Under pressure from both Romania and Germany, the Italians began to retreat beyond the agreed limit of the Romanian and Italian zones of influence in Yugoslavia. However, the retreat was slow as the Italians looted basically everything before transferring the territories to Romanian control.



27 December 1939, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

In the presence of German, Slovene, Italian, Albanian, Romanian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Croat representatives, Prince Regent Paul of Yugoslavia, King Peter II of Yugoslavia and the rump Yugoslav Government announced the dissolution of Yugoslavia into its constituent parts: Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia and Slovenia.

The Regency was terminated and 16 years old King Peter II (with his leg still in a cast) was declared of age and proclaimed King of Serbia.



28 December 1939, Belgrade, Serbia

Serbia ceded Baranya and Bačka to Hungary, Western Banat to Romania, Tsaribrod, Bosilegrad and most of Macedonia to Bulgaria, north-western Macedonia and most of Kosovo to Albania and about half of the Serbian Sanjak to Montenegro. The Timok was organized as an Autonomous Region for the Romanian minority which had lived there for millennia (Anne decided that, for administrative reasons, the Timok ought to remain part of Serbia).

All of Serbia remained under Romanian occupation and influence, while the Serbian Government was allowed to function in a limited capacity.



28-29 December 1939, Zagreb, Croatia

Croatia (composed of Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina) proclaimed its independence as the Independent State of Croatia with Ustashe leader Ante Pavelić as its Poglavnik (Fascist Dictator).

Croatia ceded minute areas to Slovenia, Međimurje to Hungary, Syrmia to Serbia, the hinterland of Fiume, Krk (Veglia), almost all Dalmatian Islands, parts of mainland Dalmatia including Šibenik (Sebenico), Split (Spalato) and Kotor (Cattaro) to Italy.

Croatia was placed under joint Italian (the south-western part, cca. 40%) and Romanian (the north-eastern part, cca. 60%) occupation and influence, with the Croat authorities having limited power.



28 December 1939, Podgorica, Montenegro

Montenegro proclaimed its independence as an Italian Protectorate in Personal Union with Italy and Albania, the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III and Queen Elena of Montenegro becoming the new King and Queen of Montenegro. It ceded small areas to Albania and Italy.



30-31 December 1939, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Slovenia proclaimed its independence as a German Protectorate (similar to rump Poland and Bohemia-Moravia). It ceded Prekmurje to Hungary (with a couple of German-inhabited villages to Germany).



31 December 1939, Athens, Greece

The Italian and Bulgarian Ambassadors in Athens informed the Metaxas Government that "outstanding territorial, economic and military issues between their countries should be adequately resolved in the shortest possible time."
 
[Map] The Partition of Yugoslavia
The Partition of Yugoslavia
15-31 December 1939
Previous maps from this series: 9 November - 7 December 1939, 5 -14 December 1939.



Legend:
  • De jure situation shown (31 December 1939);
  • National colours as usual;
  • Albania and Montenegro are Italian Protectorates and in Personal Union with Italy;
  • Hungary and Bulgaria (and Slovakia) are Romanian Puppets;
  • Slovenia (and Bohemia-Moravia and Poland) are German Protectorates;
  • Croatia is under joint Italian and Romanian influence;
  • Black Lines: National borders;
  • Dark Grey Lines: Internal borders;
  • Light Grey Lines: Old borders;
  • Dashed Grey Lines: Maritime borders in the Adriatic Sea and demarcation line between Italian and Romanian zones in Croatia.
.
 
[Map] January 1940
Romania and Its Environs
1 January 1940
After the partition of Yugoslavia
Previous Maps from this series: January 1938, March 1938, May 1938, November 1938, January 1939, September 1939.



Area: 712,300 km² (0.48% of the World land area)
Population: 49,720,000 (2.16% of the World population)​

Key:
1. Denmark
2. Sweden
3. Latvia
4. Montenegro (Italian Protectorate / Personal Union)
5. Tunisia (French Protectorate)
6. Neutral Zones (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait)
7. Georgian S.S.R.
8. Armenian S.S.R.

A. Mount Athos (Greece)
C. Moldavian A.S.S.R. (Ukraine)
D. Adyghe A.O. (Russia)
E. Karachai-Cherkess A.O. (Russia)
F. Kabardino-Balkar A.S.S.R. (Russia)
G. North Ossetian A.S.S.R. (Russia)
H. Checheno-Ingush A.S.S.R. (Russia)
J. Abkhaz A.S.S.R. (Georgia)
K. Adjar A.S.S.R. (Georgia)
L. South Ossetian A.O. (Georgia)
M. Nakhichevan A.S.S.R. (Azerbaijan)
N. Nagorno-Karabakh A.O. (Azerbaijan)
Q. Governorate of Dalmatia (Italy)


Notes:
  • Bohemia-Moravia, (rump) Poland and Slovenia are German Protectorates.
  • Albania and Montenegro are Italian Protectorates and in Personal Union with Italy.
  • Romania, Hungary and Slovakia (including Autonomous Ruthenia) are in Personal Union.
  • In practice, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Serbia are perfectly compliant Romanian Puppet States or, more aptly called Zombie States.
  • Croatia is under joint Italian and Romanian occupation and influence.
  • The Romanian Yellow signifies that Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Serbia and parts of Croatia are under Romanian control.
  • The hard borders (thick black lines) signify that the countries are not (yet) officially merged.
  • Pocuttya is administered by the Soviet Union (Ukrainian S.S.R.) and claimed by Romania.
.
 
Last edited:
[Map] Greece at the Crossroads
Greece at the Crossroads
January 1940


Legend:
  • De jure situation shown (31 December 1939);
  • National colours as usual;
  • Albania (and Montenegro) are Italian Protectorates and in Personal Union with Italy;
  • The Dodecanese is an Italian Colony / Possession;
  • Bulgaria (and Hungary, Slovakia and Serbia) are Romanian Puppets;
  • Black Lines: National borders;
  • Dark Grey Lines: Internal borders;
  • Light Grey Lines: Old borders;
  • Dashed Grey Lines: Maritime borders;
  • Violet Lines: Proposed border changes in Greece and Turkey;
  • Orange Lines: Proposed demarcation line between the Italian and Romanian zones of influence in Greece and Turkey;
  • Fuchsia Lines and Stars: Proposed limits of the Aromanian Autonomous Region.


Choice One (acquiesce)
  • To Bulgaria (A) -- Western Thrace (up to the borders of 1914);
  • To Italy (D) -- Corfu;
  • From Italy (F) -- The Dodecanese;
  • From Turkey (G+E) -- Imbros, Tenedos, Sèvres Ionia (extended southwards);
  • Condominium in the Straits Zone (H) with Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, Soviet Union;
  • Joint Italian and Romanian occupation in Greece for the duration of the war;
  • The institutions of the Greek State to function under occupation, albeit in a reduced capacity;
  • Naval bases in selected Greek Islands (leased for 49 years);
  • Autonomous Region (and official recognition) for the Aromanian ethnic minority.

Choice II (war)
  • To Bulgaria (A+B) -- Western Thrace, Thasos, Samothrace, more than half of Greek Macedonia (with Salonica and all the way to the Albanian border), Holy Mountain Athos;
  • To Albania (C) -- Chameria;
  • To Italy (D+E+F) -- Corfu, the rest of the Ionian Islands, Crete;
  • No condominium in the Straits Zone;
  • Joint Italian and Romanian occupation and administration of rump Greece (Protectorate);
  • The institutions of the Greek State to be suspended or abolished.

Note: The "Greek Question" will be "solved" in the next chapter (soon).
 
Chapter 33. Greece
Chapter 33. Greece



31 December 1939, Athens, Greece

The Italian and Bulgarian Ambassadors in Athens informed the Metaxas Government that "outstanding territorial, economic and military issues between their countries should be adequately resolved in the shortest possible time."


2-3 January 1940

The Greek Government inquired about the expected British support in the case of an Axis invasion.

The British Government assessed that successfully defending mainland Greece was infeasible and suggested that the Greek government, monarchy and army retreat to Crete for the duration of the war. They promissed to deploy sufficient naval and military assets to protect Crete indefinitely against any seaborne or airborne invasion and to liberate mainland Greece after the eventual defeat of the Axis.

The Greeks were obviously not pleased with the British "solution".



5 January 1940, Athens, Greece

The Greek Dictator Ioannis Metaxas received the Italian, Bulgarian and Romanian ambassadors who presented the demands of their governments.

If Greece accepted those demands, it would:
  • Cede Western Thrace to Bulgaria (up to the borders of 1914) and receive, as compensation, a much larger territory after the forthcoming conquest of Turkey (the Aegean Islands of Imbros and Tenedos and a significantly southwards enlarged Sèvres Ionia);
  • Cede Corfu to Italy and receive, as compensation, the much larger Italian Dodecanese;
  • Receive equal rights in the future Straits Zone Condominium with Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, the German Reich and the Soviet Union (after the forthcoming conquest of Turkey);
  • Accept a joint Italian and Romanian occupation of the entire Greek territory for the duration of the war, during which time the institutions of the Greek State would function in a reduced capacity;
  • Lease territory in up to eight Greek Islands for Italian and Romanian naval bases for 49 years;
  • Recognize the existence and rights of the ethnic minorities (Albanians, Bulgarians, Aromanians);
  • Create an Autonomous Region for the Aromanians.

If Greece rejected the demands and chose war, the losses would be much more severe:
  • Besides Western Thrace, Bulgaria would also annex the islands of Thasos and Samothrace, more than half of Greek Macedonia (its northern part) and the Holy Mountain Athos;
  • Albania would annex more than half of the Greek Epirus (the western part, Chameria);
  • Italy would annex not only Corfu but all the Ionian Islands and Crete;
  • Greece would receive no rights in the Straits Zone Condominium and none or a reduced territory in Asia Minor (Sèvres Ionia);
  • Rump Greece would become a joint Italian-Romanian Protectorate (the institutions of the Greek State would be suspended and the occupying powers would take over the administration).


See previous map for details.



5-11 January 1940, Greece

King George II of the Hellenes, Prime Minister Metaxas, the Army High Command, the Orthodox Church, politicians, the mass media, etc, hotly debated whether to acquiesce to the Axis' demands or to fight.

The King, the Church and a majority of the population wanted to defend their country against all odds. However, the Government and the Army inclined towards acquiescence because of the utterly hopeless military situation. Even excluding a possible German intervention, the Greek Army could not hope to hold the entire northern border against the Italian, Bulgarian, Romanian, Hungarian and Slovak armies.

Many Greeks, including priests, journalists and a handful of politicians, were adamant that Romania was bewitched, that supernatural powers were somehow involved, that the King and / or Queen of Romania were sorcerers, demons or even the Antichrist itself and so on. Obviously, the Government and the Army could not believe such absurd stories.



12 January 1940

Metaxas announced that the Greek Government was prepared to accept most of the demands and only wished to negotiate or clarify several small issues. The Italians and the Romanians accepted and a meeting was scheduled for the following week.

Protests and riots erupted immediately in many Greek cities and towns and, in many cases, Orthodox priests were encouraging and blessing the demonstrants while placing anathemas on the Government.



15-19 January 1940, Athens, Greece

Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano and Romanian Foreign Minister Ion Piteșteanu¹ joined Metaxas² in Athens to fine tune the agreement meant to forestall the war between their countries.

1. Pressured by Germany and Italy, Anne had replaced Foreign Minister Nicolae Titulescu, an outspoken anti-fascist, with a hitherto mostly unknown diplomat and had sent Titulescu as the Romanian Ambassador to Moscow.
2. Metaxas was both Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.



After just five days of negotiations, the plenipotentiaries signed the Friendship and Collaboration Agreement between Greece, Italy, Albania, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia.

The Agreement was almost identical to the original demands, with the following changes:
  • The Greek administrative unit of Thrace was not coterminous with the areas annexed from Bulgaria in 1919 but slightly smaller. Bulgaria forewent the small difference in favour of Greece.
  • Bulgaria, Romania and Italy committed to respect the cultural, linguistic and religious rights of the Greek populations from the annexed areas (Thrace and Corfu).
  • The specifics of the military occupation were clarified and slightly changed in Greece's favour.
  • Italy, Romania and Bulgaria committed to withdraw their military forces from Greece no later than one year after the end of the ongoing European War (with the exception of the leased areas).
  • The leases were reduced both in number (from eight to five, three Italian and two Romanian) and in area. The rights of the local Greek citizens were guaranteed.
  • The proposed Aromanian Autonomous Region was reduced to a small area in the Pindus Mountains and renamed Pindus Autonomous Region (Regiunea Autonomă Pind) with the capital in Aminciu (Metsovo in Greek).



February 1940, Greece

The Athens Agreement was implemented. Greece ceded Thrace to Bulgaria and Corfu to Italy, to be compensated with Ionia, Imbros, Tenedos, the Dodecanese and a share in the International Zone of the Straits after the planned dismemberment of Turkey. Thrace was annexed to Bulgaria and Corfu to Italy.

The armed forces of Italy and Romania entered Greece and assumed the rights and obligations of the military occupier. The Greek Government and King transferred some of their prerogatives to the military administrations of the Italian and Romanian occupation zones.

The Pind Autonomous Region was created de jure with little actual changes on the ground besides a few bilingual signs, two Aromanian newspapers, seventeen schools, a highschool and twenty churches. The Pind Autonomous Region was located in the Romanian Occupation Zone in its entirety.

The Greek authorities cooperated fully with both Romania and Italy but a large part of the population did not. In some cities, such as Athens, Salonica, Larissa, Lamia, Volos, Ioannina, Patras, etc, the Romanian and Italian armies found makeshift barricades manned by angry mobs of youngsters led by Orthodox priests. While in some places the soldiers were only cursed and pelted with rotten food, in others the Greeks threw rocks or petrol bombs at the soldiers and, in a few cases, someone opened fire from a basement or an attic.

The Romanians showed a lot of restraint. Instead of attacking the protesters and turning the incidents into bloodbaths, the troops surrounded the hotspots and simply waited for the fighters to lose steam and go home or ask for food or water. In most cities, the situation resolved itself quickly, only in Salonica the protesters stubbornly manned the barricades for almost one full month.

The Italians did not have such qualms. They sent the tanks against the barricades with the expected results -- dozens killed, hundreds wounded and many buildings damaged, burned or destroyed. Metaxas protested the Italian brutality, albeit, obviously, in vain.

As in Croatia, the population in the Romanian Occupation Zone was peaceful and seemingly content while the Italians were bothered by sabotages, random attacks and even outright insurgencies in some remote areas.



January - February 1940, Europe

While the above events were taking place in Greece, three other important ones unfolded elsewhere:
  1. Queen Anne, accompanied by King Mihai, embarked on another multipurpose round trip in Western Europe, that time not only for diplomacy but also for shopping and personal matters.
  2. The politicians, mass media and common people from Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia and Serbia began a concerted public campaign for the merger of the five countries.
  3. After the successful puppetization of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the Soviet Union attempted to cow Finland into submission as well. When the Finns rejected the Soviet ultimatum, the Soviet Union invaded Finland.


We will further discuss those three matters and their results in the following chapter(s). A discussion about the military, scientific, economic and social advances in Anne's Realms is also long overdue.
 
Last edited:
[Map] The Occupation of Greece
The Occupation of Greece
February 1940
Previous map from this series: January 1940.



Legend:
  • De jure situation shown (29 February 1940);
  • National colours as usual;
  • Greece (and Croatia) are independent countries under joined Romanian and Italian military occupation and political influence;
  • Albania (and Montenegro) are Italian Protectorates and in Personal Union with Italy;
  • The Dodecanese is officially part of Greece (albeit still administered by Italy as part of the Italian Occupation Zone in Greece);
  • Corfu is an integral part of Italy;
  • Bulgaria (and Hungary, Slovakia and Serbia) are Romanian Puppets (who will be merged soon);
  • The Pind is an Aromanian Autonomous Region;
  • Black Lines: National borders;
  • Dark Grey Lines: Internal borders;
  • Light Grey Lines: Old borders;
  • Dotted Grey Lines: Maritime borders;
  • Violet Lines and Text: Proposed changes in Turkey.
.
 
[Map] March 1940
Romania and Its Environs
1 March 1940
After the occupation of Greece
Previous maps from this series: January 1938, March 1938, May 1938, November 1938, January 1939, September 1939,
January 1940.


Area: 800,100 km² (0.54% of the World land area)
Population: 55,880,000 (2.44% of the World population)​

Key:
1. Denmark
2. Sweden
3. Latvia
4. Montenegro (Italian Protectorate / Personal Union)
5. Tunisia (French Protectorate)
6. Neutral Zones (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait)
7. Georgian S.S.R.
8. Armenian S.S.R.

A. Mount Athos (Greece)
C. Moldavian A.S.S.R. (Ukraine)
D. Adyghe A.O. (Russia)
E. Karachai-Cherkess A.O. (Russia)
F. Kabardino-Balkar A.S.S.R. (Russia)
G. North Ossetian A.S.S.R. (Russia)
H. Checheno-Ingush A.S.S.R. (Russia)
J. Abkhaz A.S.S.R. (Georgia)
K. Adjar A.S.S.R. (Georgia)
L. South Ossetian A.O. (Georgia)
M. Nakhichevan A.S.S.R. (Azerbaijan)
N. Nagorno-Karabakh A.O. (Azerbaijan)


Notes:
  • Bohemia-Moravia, (rump) Poland and Slovenia are German Protectorates.
  • Albania and Montenegro are Italian Protectorates and in Personal Union with Italy.
  • Romania, Hungary and Slovakia (including Autonomous Ruthenia) are in Personal Union.
  • In practice, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Serbia are perfectly compliant Romanian Puppet States or, more aptly called Zombie States.
  • Croatia is under joint Italian and Romanian occupation and influence.
  • The Romanian Yellow signifies that Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Serbia and parts of Croatia and Greece are under Romanian control.
  • The hard borders (thick black lines) signify that the countries are not (yet) officially merged.
  • Pocuttya is administered by the Soviet Union (Ukrainian S.S.R.) and claimed by Romania.
  • Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are Soviet Client States.
.
 
Chapter 34. Before the Unification of the Realms
Chapter 34. Before the Unification of the Realms



February 1940, Anne's Realms


The Campaign for the Unification of the Realms (Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Serbia)

Immediately after the signing of the Athens Agreement, which de facto puppetized Greece, and while the Romanian King and Queen were travelling abroad, Anne's subjects began to agitate for Unification.

The campaign was started suddenly and vigurously all over the Realms in a well organized manner and involved all strata of the society, from the de jure rulers (Regent of Hungary Miklós Horthy, Regent of Slovakia Jozef Tiso, Tsar of Bulgaria Boris III, King of Yugoslavia Peter II), governments, politicians, officers, priests, intellectuals, all the way to the common people from the cities, towns and villages.

It involved public declarations supporting the unification, appeals and petitions, continuous propaganda in mass media, demonstrations and marches with slogans and singing, collecting of signatures, etc. As usual, to make the whole charade more believable, there were small groups of counter-demonstrants who were weakly calling for the continued independence of their countries. Of course, they were allowed to freely express their dissent as the police protected them from the Unionists.

The foreign media, who was free to witness the events and talk to the people, unanimously reported the presence of a massive and genuine desire for the unification of the five countries. By far the most given reason for the unexpected friendship between nations who used to hate each other was in the vein of: Together we are stronger; instead of five small countries, we're a great power, able to defend itself against our larger, stronger and more populous neighbours.


Similar actions, albeit on a reduced scale, because they were really spontaneous, took place in the Romanian Occupation Zones in Croatia and Greece but, because of the opposition of Italy, it was ultimately decided to leave Croatia and Greece out of the Union, at least for the time being.


On the leap day, the five governments officially caved in to the international pressure and, instead of simply merging the countries, they scheduled simultaneous Unification Referenda for the 24th of March. The neutral countries were asked to send observers to oversee and assess the fairness of the referenda.



11 January - 27 February 1940

The Second Royal Tour (Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States, Japan, LoN Geneva Headquarters)

Anne's trip had several purposes:
  • to confuse and startle everybody with incongruent and odd behaviour;
  • to continue to provide plausible deniability about the situation in her realms;
  • to mend the already tense relations with the Entente;
  • to acquire international recognition for the Unification of the Realms;
  • to engage in some last minute shopping (mostly various commodities but also some weapons);
  • to buy small (and cheap) overseas territories (colonies) located on the continental mainlands;
  • to convince Franco to join the war at an opportune time;
  • to be away from home during the occupation of Greece;
  • to see her royal relatives in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Belgium;
  • to travel, relax and have fun before Romania's entry into the war.

Anne also wanted to visit France but the French Government refused to issue an official invitation as it considered Romania a potential enemy after its role in the conquest of minor Entente powers Yugoslavia and Greece.



11-14 January 1940, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

The Romanian monarchs were received by Queen Wilhelmina at the Royal Palace of Amsterdam and spent most of their time there with Crown Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard with whom they had excellent relations.

The meetings with the Dutch Government of Prime Minister Dirk Jan de Geer were cordial but less warm. Instead of flatly refusing to sell Suriname, De Geer opined that the United States would veto the transfer of the colony, citing the Monroe Doctrine. However, the Netherlands agreed to sell important amounts of rubber and spices from the East Indies. After all, Romania had to spend its last reserves of hard currency which would become useless after the start of the war with the West.



15-19 January 1940, Brussels, Belgium

Anne and Mihai were not very close to Leopold III but the talks appeared to be fruitful. Both Leopold and the Belgian Government agreed to sell Ruanda-Urundi but the transaction was blocked by France as the League of Nations Mandates were deemed to be non-transferable.

Belgium agreed to sell large quantities of ores from the Congo, including pitchblende. It was probably needed for the superb stained glass of the Romanian churches.

Anne shocked Leopold three times. The first one was her purported reason for acquiring Ruanda-Urundi. When asked by Leopold, Anne said with a straight face that she wanted to build a spaceport there as it was close to the Equator and the centrifugal force would aid the spaceships at takeoff. When Leopold expressed his wonder, Anne apparently misunderstood him and, instead of explaining how Romania was supposed to build spaceships, she took a piece of paper and a pencil and began to draw a diagram and fill the rest of the page with complicated equations pertaining to spaceflight. A flabbergasted and certainly overwhelmed Leopold did not press the issue further but a team of Belgian physicists later confirmed that Anne's demonstration was indeed accurate.

The second one was a casual mention of Lilian Baels as the future wife of Leopold, which unnerved him so much that he failed to deliver any rebuke to a deviously smirking Anne.

The third one was Anne's abrupt inquiry whether the Belgian Royal Family and Government would relocate to the Congo after the looming German conquest of the country. Visibly irritated, the King stated that, if invaded, Belgium would successfully defend itself with the help of its allies. Anne quickly apologised and changed the subject.



20-26 January 1940, Madrid, Spain

Despite the very warm reception, the negotiations with Franco proved extremely difficult. Anne was ultimately unable to convince him to join the war against the Entente, even when offering him the rest of Morocco, parts of Algeria (Oran), Andorra and French Catalonia. In fact, Franco mistrusted Anne and was convinced that her tales of a rapid fall of France were nothing more than wishful thinking. When she asked Elaine to help her, the guardian angel said that she had more important business to attend, much to the chagrin of the young queen.

However, after heavy bargaining, Franco sold Río Muni (the continental part of Spanish Guinea) for an undisclosed but surely large amount of gold. The small island of Annobón was also included but the large, economically viable and densely populated island of Fernando Pó was retained by Spain.

More about Río Muni (renamed Romanian Africa) in a future chapter.

The Romanian Monarchs laid flowers in Majadahonda where two Romanian volunteers died fighting for Nationalist Spain in the Civil War.



27-31 January 1940, Lisbon, Portugal

Although the talks with Salazar took place in a cordial atmosphere, almost nothing was achieved. He was categorically against the sale of any Portuguese colony and the amount of goods sold to Romania was minimal.

In a bizarre turn of events, Anne proposed that Portugal join the proposed Danubian Federation as a first step in the rebirth of the Roman Empire. Obviously, her odd proposal was politely turned down.



1-12 February 1940, London, United Kingdom

The reasons for the prolongued visit of the Romanian royals to the United Kingdom are obscure. Clearly unwanted, as the British Government refused to send an official invitation, Anne and Mihai entered through the back door, being invited by the British Royal Family, presumably against the advice of the Prime Minister. Nonetheless, Anne and Mihai eventually met with Chamberlain, Halifax and Churchill, but the meetings were short, tense and ultimately useless.

The fact that the Romanian monarchs spent twelve days of leisure at the Buckingham Palace while attending little to no diplomatic meetings, and this during an ongoing World War, was seen as bizarre. Anne's behaviour was especially odd. She spent an unordinate amount of time with fourteen years old Elizabeth and ten years old Margaret, walking, riding, playing, chatting and teaching them various martial arts such as fencing and archery.

Allowing young girls to play with longbows in the Buckingham Palace gardens was extremely unwise as it was clearly proven by the freak accident which almost cost the life of Winston Churchill who was hit by an errant arrow shot by Princess Elizabeth.

More information in the next chapter. As always, please feel free to speculate.



13-17 February 1940, Washington D.C., United States of America

The Romanian King and Queen spent most of their time buying various goods in bulk quantities: trucks, tractors, locomotives, canned food (including large amounts of SPAM), chocolate, coffee, cocoa, tea, etc.

The meeting with President Roosevelt was short and uneventful. Anne behaved exemplarily and made a good impression on the American President.



18-20 February 1940, Tokio, Japan

After being received by the Emperor in a short official ceremony, Mihai left Anne as the Emperor's guest and spent most of the following days conferring with representatives of the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy.

Behind close doors, Anne told the Emperor the future history of his Empire: the attack on Pearl Harbour, the rampage all over South-East Asia and the Pacific followed by the implacable American comeback and the utter destruction and ruin of Japan. The belated Soviet invasion and the American use of atomic weapons against Japanese civilians were also mentioned.

The Emperor smiled politely without believing a word and, presumably, thinking that Anne was crazy. Anne needed Elaine's help, badly. Because an Abrahamic Angel would be out of place in Shinto Japan and because Elaine did not want to impersonate Amaterasu or some other kami, she simply helped Anne walk on the ceiling while remaining invisible herself. The Emperor was obviously impressed but still uncommitted. What effect, if any, would Anne's stunt have on Japanese's policy remains to be seen.

More information about Japan in future chapters.



22-28 February 1940, Geneva, Switzerland

The Romanian monarchs attended the League of Nations meeting and King Mihai addressed the plenum, presenting the case of the Union of the Realms as small countries banding together to safeguard peace and stability in South-Eastern Europe.

After complicated negotiations, the League of Nations affirmed in a resolution that the Union would be recognized only if validated by free and fair referenda overseen by international observers.

Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Turkey, Portugal, Ireland, Egypt, Iran and Uruguay agreed to sent representatives to oversee the referenda scheduled for the 24th of March in Romania, Hungary, Slovakia (with Carpathian Ruthenia), Bulgaria and (rump) Serbia. Presumably, the dissolution of Yugoslavia was thus implicitly acknowledged.

In a separate resolution, the League of Nations declared that the Mandates were non-transferable and, thus, Belgium was not allowed to alienate Ruanda-Urundi.



29 February 1940, Bucharest, Romania

After seven weeks abroad, Anne and Mihai returned to Bucharest to prepare for the forthcoming Unification of the Realms and the subsequent invasion of Turkey. However, Anne needed to rest, as she was already eight weeks pregnant with the heiress to her thrones.




My writing has been slow during the latest two months. Therefore, I chose to wait and have a substantial cache of chapters already posted on AH.com before posting them here. This way, we will, presumably, have a smoother update experience in the following weeks here on SV.
 
[Map] Romanian Africa
Spanish Guinea
OTL Interbellum Reference Map
For the map showing the current situation from this timeline, please scroll down.





Romanian Africa
February 1940
Río Muni and Annobón, of former Spanish Guinea


Legend:
  • De jure situation shown
  • National colours as usual
  • Black Lines: National borders
  • Grey Lines: Internal borders
.
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Back
Top