It would be possible, you'd need ungodly amounts of barrier emitters and calculations, but it should be possible. Would look metal as hell.
Also, Hiigarans already do that with their Carriers and Motherships, as they basically 3D-Print their capitals and Supercapitals. It's also one of the reasons the PDA used to consume asteroids like candy is also used to repair damaged ships; It basically takes a scan of the damaged area, compares it to a downloaded blueprint, and hoses over the impact damage/ion beam scar/missile shrapnel/what-have-you with a molecular slurry that bonds and seals perfectly to the original hull material, essentially becoming a band-aid at a molecular level to ensure the repairs have bonded perfectly to the original materials.
Now, one thing came to mind on "So, do you want to make any Dreadnought functionally crap itself in terror at the sight of a Frigate?"
Minion-class Heavy Tugs.
Afterburner Upgrade.
"Let's see you try to aim that gun when a solid block of metal and thrust just came up from below and is doing its level best to try to shear clean through your ship's belly with raw kinetic energy"
A Minion will happily plow clean through anything smaller than itself, and that big hammerhead prow of theirs will definitely leave a mark on anything bigger. It's basically a colossal hammer with enough engine thrust to make a strikecraft jealous, and has no problem causing mayhem aplenty.
Against the thickly-armoured ships of Homeworld, it mostly just nudges them out of the way for a good long while.
Against the tissue-paper-armoured Citadel Fleets? I'd expect Minions to smash clean through anything smaller than a heavy Cruiser or bigger.