If we go with the idea that the personalities are in some form of chronological order it raises some interesting points.
It's hard to tell at first what has changed as you follow Luthor through the streets, as arrogance suffused the previous Luthor just as much as this one does, but it eventually occurs to you what you're looking at - this isn't just arrogance, this is cockiness. This is the confidence of someone who has never been humbled, who cannot even conceive of being humbled. This is someone who'd be convinced he'd live forever even if he wasn't a Vampire. This is Lutr of the Harkoni, a young warrior from a hill tribe west of Lahmia, yet to be recruited into Lahmia's navy and many years from even being considered for a position of authority that would get him recruited into Neferatem's coterie.
Or at least, that's the facet that he's operating through. He spoke to you in Low Nehekharan, but he exchanges words with passers-by in languages that did not yet exist when Lutr was young, and he was able to resume your business from the last time you spoke to him easily enough. It's not so simple as a reversion to a previous time - the mind is shifting into different configurations, but all of the same pieces are still there. That explains why he's still able to keep his realm under control.
With Personalities 1 (Lutr of the Harkoni) He spoke to use in Low Nehekharan while Number nine spoke to us in High Nehekaran but the important thing is that it he spoke it like someone who learnt it from a book not someone who is fluent in it like he should be. So he had to relearn the language but personality 1 seemed to know his home language fluently, Even though Lutr of the Harkoni knew languages that didn't exist.
@Boney Some questions if its not a bother.
Did Lutr of the Harkoni of this chapter speak Low Nehekharan fluently like a native speaker?
Did Lutr of the Harkoni of this chapter speak the not specified languages fuelntly of someone with experience with them or was it learnt.
Do we know if Personality 9 knows how to speak Low Nehekharan and if so fluently or not?
He leans forward, his eyes narrowing. "You knew me," he says thoughtfully, in the High Nehekharan of someone who learned it from a book, and you can feel the full attention of his magical senses upon you. "A genuine Liche Priest. Mid-dynasties. Eastern accent. Expecting a warm welcome, but unadapted in the way that Arkhan's disciples are. Well, that only leaves one possibility." He says a name, one you haven't heard properly pronounced in many years.
I have a theory about personality 9. In this chapter he spoke about the island that we are taking as being from his 'Immediate Predecessor'. This leads me to beleive that Personality 8 will be of the Luthor that just arrived here and is building up his forces to claim the now called Awakening.
The harbour is extensive - the Luthor you spoke to said it's where his 'immediate predecessor' built up his fleet from the single ship he arrived in to an armada capable of conquering a Lizardman Temple-City - and you can see the possibility of having entire ships as exhibits on top of just using it for your visitors and underlings to come and go.
Also with how we asked him about what happened to him and he responds with it being "only temporary" makes me think that it was either this personality or a chronologailyl very close on that was the luthor at the point of the Identiy shattering.
From my understanding so far:
Personality 1: Young Lutr of the Harkoni
Personality 2-7: No clue Him at different stages of his life growing up?
Peronality 8: Lutr the Founder of Awakening
Personality 9: Luthor The ruler of Awakening and the Leader of the Undead Admiralty
Personality 10: Luthor just found Lizard loot and got Identity Shattered?
Personality 11-12: Personalities that got created after the incident?