Main Conclusions of the September 2nd Sovnarkom Meeting
Notes Taken by Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich
The Council of People's Commissars met and discussed the ongoing proxy conflicts with Germany. Lenin proposed a renegotiation of the Treaty of Warsaw to draw down our troop presence in the west and secure normal trade relations. A minority of commissars led by Alexandra Kollantai argued for a more informal detente that would enable us to more easily place pressure on Germany in the future, but they were decisively outvoted by a majority skeptical of continuing the proxy conflicts. Commissar of Foreign Relations Adolph Joffe resolved to draft a diplomatic cable to Germany requesting a new round of negotiations.
A proposal to change the structure of soviet elections was tabled, as was one to sack the general of the 1st Red Army, Leon Trotsky.
The State of the Revolution
Current Composition of Sovnarkom
Position | Officeholder | Party |
Chairman | Vladmir Lenin | Bolshevik |
Head of Council-Administration. | Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich | Bolshevik |
Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. | Adolph Joffe | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Agriculture | Vladimir Milyutin | Bolshevik |
People's Commissar of Military Affairs | Joseph Stalin | Bolshevik |
People's Commissar of Naval Affairs | Pavel Dybenko | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Labour | Julius Martov | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry | David Riazanov | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Education | Anatoly Lunacharsky | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Food | Matvey Skobelev | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs | Alexei Rykov | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Justice | Nikolai Kylenko | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Nationalities. | Sergo Ordzhonikidze | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs | Lev Kamenev | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Railways | Victor Nogin | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Finance | Yuri Lurin | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Social Welfare | Alexandra Kollantai | Bolshevik |
People's Commissar for Local Self Government | Lev Karakhan | Social-Democratic |
Changes
Relations with Germany have increased by +10 due to our proposal for negotiations (+15) and border tensions (-5). They are now
mediocre rather than
skeptical.
Tensions on the western front have decreased by -20 due to our proposal for negotiations. They are now
pervasive rather than
boiling.
Kolchak has suffered additional military defeats in the caucuses, raising the morale of the Red Army (+5). We now control the Kuban!
Foreign Policy
Britain is currently led by
Bonar Law's Tories, which have the ideology of
British Conservatism. Relations are…
Poor (25/100)
Germany is currently led by
Ludendorff's military dictatorship, which has the ideology of
Proto-Fascism. Relations are…
Mediocre (40/100)
America is currently led by William Jennings Bryan, governing in coalition with progressive republicans and northern democrats. These have an ideology ranging from
technocratic social liberalism to
populist industrial democracy. Relations are currently
Mediocre (40/100).
Relations with the Ukrainian Soviet Republic are
Good (65/100)
The Ukrainian Soviet Republic's level of autonomy is
High (75/100).
Tensions on the western frontier are
pervasive (65/100,
relations with Germany -3 per turn)
Political
The government's support among the Urban Working Class is…
Robust (75/100)
The government's support among the Urban Middle Class is…
Middling (50/100)
The government's support among the Russian Peasantry is
Weak (30/100)
The standard of living for the Urban Working Class is…
Impoverished (25/100)
The standard of living among the Urban Middle Class is…
Insecure (35/100).
The standard of living for the peasantry is…
Impoverished (20/100)
The power of the Bolsheviks is
predominant (50/100)
Among the Urban Working Class, the Bolsheviks are…
Beloved (90/100)
Among the Peasantry, the Bolsheviks are…
Mistrusted (35/100)
Right now, the Bolsheviks are dominated by the
Leninist Center, which holds 75/100 of the party's political capital, ahead of Kamenev's right-bolsheviks (15/100) and the left-communists (10/100).
The power of the Mensheviks is
influential (15/100)
Among the Urban Working Class, the Mensheviks are…
Trusted (65/100)
Among the Peasantry, the Mensheviks are…
Mistrusted (35/100)
Right now, the Left-SR's are
acclaimed (80/100) by the peasantry, their power is
significant (10/100) and they are
mistrustful (35/100) of the present government!
Military
The size of the Red Army is
mediocre (40/100)
The morale of the Red Army is
solid (70/100)
The quality, supply, technological sophistication and training of the Red army is
pathetic (15/100)
…Leading to an Army strength (size + morale/quality times .5) of
Weak (787.5/5000)
Right now, the Red Army keeps around 70% of its forces in the west, giving us a western frontier strength of
551
The size of the German Army is
large (80/100)
The morale of the German Army is
waning (35/100)
The quality, supply, technological sophistication and training of the German Army is
robust (70/100)
…Leading to an Army Strength of (4025/5000)
Very Strong
Right now, Germany keeps around 20% of its forces in the east, giving them a western frontier strength of 805, to which should be added the Austrian Eastern Army Strength of
905, the Western Ukrainian army strength of
150, and the Finnish Army strength of
60, giving a total of
1920.
Right now, the likely result of a confrontation with Germany would be
Abysmal (0/100) (Formula: German Army Strength - Soviet Army Strength/10.)
Sovnarkom Meeting on September 9th, 1918
Once again, the eighteen people's commissars of the Russian Soviet Republic gather. The Chairman, Lenin, begins the session by going over minor agenda items, subjecting some of them to a vote. The gathered commissars are unusually quiet, almost expectant. Finally, the Bolshevik leader turns his attention to a small, frayed letter with the seal of the German Kaiser upon it, which he straightens several times before reading:
"We are pleased to receive your request to formalize the final terms of the Treaty of Warsaw. We propose to meet in the city of Riga at your earliest convenience; a hotel has already been furnished and prepared for such an occasion. A delegation will be sent from Berlin led by Gustav Stresemann, who is authorized to speak on behalf of the German Empire. We simply request that these negotiations, until completed, remain confidential; there are parties who believe they would benefit from sabotaging the achievement of a final settlement."
All of the people's commissars knew of the German response, but none besides Lenin and a few others in his inner circle had heard the precise details. The last portion, regarding the secrecy of the agreements, is interesting - most understand that this is a reference to Petliura's Ukrainian People's Republic, which has been at loggerheads with Germany for some time, despite being an ostensible client state. The selection of Stresemann is also somewhat unusual; he is not officially a member of German's foreign ministry, but instead an "advisor" to the military dictator Ludendorff who has accumulated a great deal of power due to his prowess in organizing the war economy. It is unclear if he technically possesses formal authorization to negotiate a treaty, though the cable has been signed by the German chancellor and bears the seal of the Kaiser.
On the Matter of Priorities in Negotiations (Pick 3)
In the Sovnarkom meeting, discussion immediately turns to the matter of the negotiations. There will be opportunities to wring concessions from Germany in return for grain shipments, but these will not be unlimited. We must decide what matters to prioritize. So far, six options have been mooted.
[]Ports in the Far North and Baltics: We could press Germany to return the ports of Narva and Murmansk to us. Narva has been a hotbed of insurrectionary red activity, and Germany may be glad to get rid of it. As a Baltic port, it will remain blockaded from most trade by Britain, but it will improve our supply of grain and other goods to northwest Russia, and allow us to trade more easily with Germany. Murmansk is another story - Britain has not dedicated ships to blockading this Finnish-held port, and securing it should allow us to trade with the Americas.
[]Demand the Ukrainian Heartland: If we are going to have any hope of consolidating the new soviet state, we must press for the return of the agriculturally-rich lands of Western Ukraine and German recognition of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. We know that Germany is fed up with Petliura's government, but also quite reluctant to administer the territories themselves. Their attempt at a coup to place Hetman Pavlo Skorapidskyi in charge has already failed. If we press hard for them to return all the lands east of Rivne, they may buckle.
[]Secure German non-interference in the caucuses: Ever since the British captured Constantinople, Germany has been cut off from their Turkish ally in the east. Yet with the Entente's prospects looking grim, it might be a prudent idea to get a German guarantee of non-interference in our efforts to reconquer the formerly Russian lands of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. The former two already look like they may drift naturally into our sphere of influence, while Azerbaijan is in the midst of a war with Armenia and Britain, which has successfully seized Baku.
[]Request German industrial aid and capital goods: We may be the world's first worker's government, but our industrial base is piteous compared to many capitalist states. We must begin forthwith the expansion of our industry - this will provide us with the goods needed to trade for grain and allow us to ultimately mechanize our inefficient agriculture.
[]Reduce Reparations Payments: Germany is sure to demand harsh reparations, and our focus should be on making these as mild as possible. Right now, our peasants are barely producing enough to feed our own country, and overly punitive reparations might very well lead to famine and peasant insurrection.
[]Ask for a loan: Receiving a loan from Germany would provide us with crucial foreign currency that could be used to trade with neutrals or rebuild our own state-apparatus, which is currently in a rather parlous condition.
On the Matter of Offers to the Germans (Pick between 0-3)
The Germans will be more liable to meet our demands if we offer them something in return. We have several options...
(If 50% or more of voters pick (x) options, (x) options will be chosen. For each option picked, one of our choices in [Prioritize in Negotiations] will be empowered.)
[]Crimea, with an offensive: We could offer Crimea to the Germans. We do not currently control the Peninsula, but the white forces there will have trouble holding out without continual resupply from Britain. We can commit to an offensive in the area, and turn over the region to the Germans following its conquest. (Note: This will lower British opinions of us, and might inflame the SR's as well.
[]Rosa Luxemburg and German Emigres (counts for all 3!): Returning Luxemburg and the German emigre socialists to Ludendorff would be a real gesture of conciliation, but it would also tar us in the eyes of the international socialist movement. Nonetheless, there are many People's Commissars who believe that the German emigres, with their support for the left-communists, have been nothing but a nuisance, and long for some way to be rid of them. (Note: This will drastically improve our relations with Germany, opening up new diplomatic options in the future, but might also harm the prospects of a German revolution!).
[]Rights to the Donbas Coal Fields: The Donbas coal fields are the largest and most productive in Russia. Their reconquest has given us a key source of this vital industrial raw material and allowed our munitions factories to start humming along once more. Giving Germany the resource rights to this coal will slow down our industry somewhat, but it will also give us a vital supply of German marks, which are still competitive on the world market.
[]Oil Rights in Baku: We do not control Baku, but with Kolchak's 1st volunteer army in tatters, we should soon be able to march south across the caucuses and confront the British presence there. The new prominence of the "landship" on the western front has lent renewed importance to oil, and offering the Germans rights to 40% of the Baku oil will make it difficult for them to refuse our other requests. Of course, this will draw us into much more direct conflict with Britain, and require a military commitment to a southern offensive. (Note: This will significantly lower the British opinion of us).
On the Matter of America (Pick 1)
Following the discussion of the upcoming negotiations, Sovnarkom turned to other foreign policy matters. Firstly, there is the question of America. Currently, our Soviet Republic is only recognized by the German Empire as the legitimate government of Russia; securing American recognition would lessen our international isolation and open the way to trade with the world's largest industrial power. However, some of the people's commissars have concerns...
[]Maintain the Status Quo: Adolph Joffe points out that typically, foreign treaties have to pass through the American legislature, where there is a great deal of hostility toward our worker's government. Petitioning Bryan to pass such a treaty would likely harm his own political prospects and might make him more vulnerable to a rumored impeachment attempt. Of course, it is hardly our job to defend the position of an American politician, but it might be more useful to have Bryan in charge as a friendly neutral than run the risk of a more anti-soviet government coming to power. Additionally, many centrist Bolsheviks fear that opening relations would inevitably lead to the acceptance of American loans, which would grant a capitalist government undue leverage over our internal politics.
[]Request formal recognition and the resumption of normal trade relations: Martov and the left-mensheviks believe that Bryan's America would present an excellent partner; after all, they share with us an opposition to British Imperialism and a commitment to neutrality in the Great War. Achieving recognition will open the way to American trade, and then, perhaps, to American loans. Both of these will allow us to stabilize our new worker's government. Moreover, American recognition might have a cascading effect, allowing us to break decisively out of our international isolation as we make contact with more governments in the western hemisphere.
[]Seek Friendly Relations: As a middle path, we might simply send Bryan a note expressing a wish for friendly relations. While this will not put us on the path toward trade or recognition, it may improve American attitudes and open up more informal channels of communication.
On the Matter of China (Pick 1)
Duan Qurui has successfully unified China following his victory over a KMT government in the Southern Pacification War. Warlordism continues to be a problem in the inner provinces, but, with the assistance of American investment and arms, the Chinese government now looks stronger and more stable than at any point since the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. It has thus far remained neutral in the Great War, though some believe that Sino-Japanese tensions could lead it to join the Central Powers.
[]Recognize and support the KMT as China's legitimate government: Kollantai, Martov and Kamenev all oppose working with the Chinese government, which they argue is a reactionary military autocracy that has no long-term interest in cooperation. Instead, they believe we should recognize the progressive-nationalist KMT government of Sun Yat-sen, which has fled into the mountains of Yunnan. Rykov and Lenin attack this proposal as "liberal idealism", and point out that Yat-sen appears to have little support in the rest of China.
[]Send a proposal for mutual recognition to Qurui: Recognizing Duan Qurui's government should allow us to resume trade once Trotsky marches further into Siberia. Chinese foreign currency is not particularly valuable, but we might be able to use it to trade with some of the states in South America. Because of its relative underdevelopment, China is probably one of the few markets that will accept our rather shoddy munitions and arms - this could be a quite lucrative trade.
[]Remain uncommitted for now: Some of the commissars point out that the situation in China is not as stable as it might appear. Tensions with Japan are being steadily ratcheted up, and it would be unwise to commit ourselves to close relations with any Chinese faction until our own state is more stable.
On the Matter of the Moscow Circle (Pick 1)
Finally, Sovnarkom turns to domestic matters. One of the first discussions concerns the left-communist circle in Moscow. There will surely be howls of protests from these dissident bolsheviks when news breaks of our decision to seek a more formal detente with Germany. Their leaders have been demoted to more pedestrian positions, but they still control some party media. As Sovnarkom begins deliberating on the matter, three competing options present themselves…
[]Throttle their newspapers: It should be simple enough to repress the publications of the left-communists. While this will likely incense them and their german allies, their lack of a power base in either the party or the unions will mean that they can't do much about it. Stalin, Rykov, and Kylenko all favor this option, though Martov, Kamenev, and Kollantai are worried about the precedent it would set for party democracy.
[]Send them to aid Central Siberia: With much of Central Siberia devastated by the conflict with the whites, we might be able to put the left-communists to some use in administering the region. This would give them their first taste of real power, but perhaps the stint in the Siberian cold would temper some of their more utopian ideals and force them to give up their propagandizing for the hard work of governance. If we ever have future use for their skills in propaganda and agitation, they could always be recalled. Surprisingly, Lenin and Martov join together to endorse this plan.
[]Let them speak: We could simply allow the left-communists to continue organizing. Right now, they are not a real threat to Lenin's dominant centrist faction, though they might find more support among workers if they are allowed to spread their ideas without restrictions. Keeping them together in Moscow, rather than the dispersed towns of Central Siberia, would also make it easier for them to coordinate opposition with the left-SR's in Central Russia, something which both Skobelev and Kamenev voice concerns about.