- Location
- [REDACTED]- United States of America
Praise be to the Librarians of the World For they Hath Delivered. I could search the geo-sciences databases if you want more detailed information but I was directed to the United States Geological Survey and lo and behold they had a section on rare-earths in the United States.
USGS Publications Warehouse (Publications Page.)
https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-rare-earths.pdf (Rare-Earths PDF.)
USGS Publications Warehouse (Publications Page.)
https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-rare-earths.pdf (Rare-Earths PDF.)
World Resources: Rare earths are relatively abundant in the Earth's crust, but minable concentrations are less common than for most other ores. In North America, measured and indicated resources of rare earths were estimated to include 2.7 million tons in the United States and more than 15 million tons in Canada.
Assume tons unless otherwise stated.
United States (2018 Production)18,000 (2019 Production) 26,000 (Reserve Stockpile U.S.) 1,400,000.
Substitutes: Substitutes are available for many applications but generally are less effective.
Events, Trends, and Issues: (...)In the United States, domestic production of mineral concentrates, all of which were exported, increased to 26,000 tons, a 44% increase compared with that of 2018. China continued to dominate the global supply of rare earths. According to China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the mine and separation production quotas for 2019 were 132,000 tons and 127,000 tons, respectively.
Recycling: Limited quantities of rare earths from batteries, permanent magnets, and fluorescent lamps are recycled.
Domestic Production and Use: Rare earths were mined domestically in 2019. Bastnaesite (or bastnäsite), a rare-earth fluorocarbonate mineral, was mined as a primary product at a mine in Mountain Pass, CA, which was restarted in the first quarter of 2018 after being put on care-and-maintenance status in the fourth quarter of 2015. Monazite, a phosphatemineral, was produced as a separated concentrate or included as an accessory mineral in heavy-mineral concentrates. The estimated value of rare-earth compounds and metals imported by the United States in 2019 was $170 million, an increase from $160 million in 2018. The estimated distribution of rare earths by end use was as follows: catalysts, 75%; metallurgical applications and alloys, 5%; ceramics and glass, 5%; polishing, 5%; and other, 10%.
Assume tons unless otherwise stated.
United States (2018 Production)18,000 (2019 Production) 26,000 (Reserve Stockpile U.S.) 1,400,000.
Substitutes: Substitutes are available for many applications but generally are less effective.
Events, Trends, and Issues: (...)In the United States, domestic production of mineral concentrates, all of which were exported, increased to 26,000 tons, a 44% increase compared with that of 2018. China continued to dominate the global supply of rare earths. According to China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the mine and separation production quotas for 2019 were 132,000 tons and 127,000 tons, respectively.
Recycling: Limited quantities of rare earths from batteries, permanent magnets, and fluorescent lamps are recycled.
Domestic Production and Use: Rare earths were mined domestically in 2019. Bastnaesite (or bastnäsite), a rare-earth fluorocarbonate mineral, was mined as a primary product at a mine in Mountain Pass, CA, which was restarted in the first quarter of 2018 after being put on care-and-maintenance status in the fourth quarter of 2015. Monazite, a phosphatemineral, was produced as a separated concentrate or included as an accessory mineral in heavy-mineral concentrates. The estimated value of rare-earth compounds and metals imported by the United States in 2019 was $170 million, an increase from $160 million in 2018. The estimated distribution of rare earths by end use was as follows: catalysts, 75%; metallurgical applications and alloys, 5%; ceramics and glass, 5%; polishing, 5%; and other, 10%.
Salient Stats | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | --- |
Production, bastnaesite concentrates | 5,900 | --- | --- | 18,000 | 26,000 | Defined as production + imports –exports. |
Imports: Compounds | 9,160 | 11,500 | 11,000 | 10,800 | 14,000 | |
Imports: Ferrocerium, alloys | 356 | 268 | 309 | 301 | 310 | |
Rare-earth metals, scandium, and yttrium | 385 | 404 | 524 | 527 | 590 | |
Exports: Ores and Compounds | 4,980 | 590 | 1,740 | 16,800 | 26,000 | (Total?) |
Exports: Ferrocerium, alloys | 1,220 | 943 | 982 | 1,210 | 1,400 | |
Exports: Rare-earth metals, scandium, and yttrium | 60 | 103 | 55 | 28 | 100 | |
Consumption Apparent | 9,550 | 10,500 | 9,060 | 11,600 | 13,000 | Defined as production + imports –exports. |
Continued in table below | Continued in table below |
Net import reliance as a percentage of apparent consumption: | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | In 2015, domestic production of mineral concentrates was included with apparent consumption of compounds and metals. In 2018 and 2019, all domestic production of mineral concentrates was exported, and all compounds and metals consumed were assumed to be imported material. |
Compounds and metals | 38% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | Defined as Imports-Exports. Important Read Above ^ |
Mineral concentrates | XX | XX | XX | E | E | E Net exporter. NA Not available. XX Not applicable. — Zero. |
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