To be fair to the Imperium, Lorgar wrote the big book of religion before he fell or even knew of chaos. Having said that, it is their dogmatic and stupid adherence to the B.B.O.R. that it a huge problem.
One issue not brought up is that in canon, real faith and belief in something repels or even hurts demons.
This is partially wrong. Lorgar has actually always known of and worshipped them. His original faith was really more one of worshiping them with the Emperor as a 5th and chief god. This is part of why he was able to fall so quickly: His gods basically intervened to show yes they existed much as his own father and that they cared about him.
It also is likely why Lorgar's book is basically Emperor Porn. The rest of his gods were likely described in such a manner as well.
You dont see Chaos getting significant streams of new recruits from the Eldar, or the Orks, or Tau. You dont see significant numbers of Demon Princes who used to be Laer or Yu'vath. Its always Humanity. If the Imperium possessed the capacity for introspection, they would be wondering why that is. Instead they do their best to kill or mindwipe everyone who knows.
There is not much Eldar around any more, Slannesh has a very strong claim on them to the point it is dangerous to even say its name for them, and they live in very few places. Worse: The majority of living Aeldari is DE, who basically responded to the fall by doubling down on the very behavoir that created her to counter his draining their souls. It doesnt really need to do much to get what it wants from them anyways.
The Orks meanwhile have Gork and Mork. These 2 are likely some of the few gods in the warp actually able to stalemate a Chaos God in a fight. And their claim to Orks is even stronger than Slannesh's on Eldar. So it be a fight to take any meaningful numbers of Ork souls. Khorne has pribably gotten a few, but only because the Orks insisted on attacking his domain.
But Humans? Humans are basically only behind Orks in numbers when it comes to sapient species in the galaxy. They are everywhere in this galaxy. Unfortunately, Humanity could not have had worse timing to evolve psykers right as a chaos god was being born and the others finished waking up while having no such divine protectors. Even if the IoM was a paragon of human rights, they still produce the vast majority of Daemon Princes.
To be fair to the Imperium, Lorgar wrote the big book of religion before he fell or even knew of chaos. Having said that, it is their dogmatic and stupid adherence to the B.B.O.R. that it a huge problem.
One issue not brought up is that in canon, real faith and belief in something repels or even hurts demons.
1)Lorgar didnt need to know of Chaos to be influenced by them.
The planet he was sent to literally worshipped the Four as part of the dominant religion, the religion he was raised in. His adopted father worshipped the Four as well. His main innovation was to put Jimmy Space at the top of the pantheon.
2)The Emperor went out of his way to destroy all pre-existing religions on Earth and in Human Space.
The Imperium and its religious arms STILL does this every time they invade a human planet, regardless of whether any such religion is Chaos-touched or not. The Imperial Truth denies religion and faith as a thing.
What does that tell you?
That the Emperor didnt care when he stripped Humanity of its primary defence against Chaos incursions? That even today, His acolytes consider it more important that Humanity worship Big E than that they be protected against Chaos?
There is not much Eldar around any more, Slannesh has a very strong claim on them to the point it is dangerous to even say its name for them, and they live in very few places. Worse: The majority of living Aeldari is DE, who basically responded to the fall by doubling down on the very behavoir that created her to counter his draining their souls. It doesnt really need to do much to get what it wants from them anyways.
The Orks meanwhile have Gork and Mork. These 2 are likely some of the few gods in the warp actually able to stalemate a Chaos God in a fight. And their claim to Orks is even stronger than Slannesh's on Eldar. So it be a fight to take any meaningful numbers of Ork souls. Khorne has pribably gotten a few, but only because the Orks insisted on attacking his domain.
But Humans? Humans are basically only behind Orks in numbers when it comes to sapient species in the galaxy. They are everywhere in this galaxy. Unfortunately, Humanity could not have had worse timing to evolve psykers right as a chaos god was being born and the others finished waking up while having no such divine protectors. Even if the IoM was a paragon of human rights, they still produce the vast majority of Daemon Princes.
Counterpoint:
Humanity only started moving out to the rest of the Galaxy in the last twenty or thirty thousand years.
The Galaxy had been populated by intelligent life for millions of years prior to that.
The Eldar had been debauching themselves for thousands of years, possibly millions of years, longer than that, without contributing adherents to Khorne or Nurgle or Tzeentch. Chaos adherents like the Laer and (allegedly) Yau'vath were around. Thousands, if not millions of races came and went in the course of the sixty million years after the War in Heaven, with uncounted trillions over that time.
You are not going to convince me that Humanity has more numbers than all those races over all that time.
Yet, the only Demon Princes we see are Humans. The Demon Worlds are almost all Human. And all of them date to the ten thousand year period between when the Imperium of Man becomes a thing and the present day. By comparison, the Federation of Man rose, colonized large chunks of the galaxy, fought an apocalyptic war with the Men of Iron, and recovered without infesting the Galaxy wth Chaos-worshipping zealots.
It all points to something pathological about the Human condition starting in M30. Which essentially suggests Jimmy Space fucked everyone over.
The Eldar had been debauching themselves for thousands of years, possibly millions of years, longer than that, without contributing adherents to Khorne or Nurgle or Tzeentch. Chaos adherents like the Laer and (allegedly) Yau'vath were around. Thousands, if not millions of races came and went in the course of the sixty million years after the War in Heaven, with uncounted trillions over that time.
You are not going to convince me that Humanity has more numbers than all those races over all that time.
Huh, I always assumed Chaos was less active before the birth of Slannesh because Asuryan was reinforcing the separation of the Immaterium from the Materium. That was the whole reason Spirit Stones were invented in the first place. After he got eaten by Slannesh, all four had much more freedom to act.
Huh, I always assumed Chaos was less active before the birth of Slannesh because Asuryan was reinforcing the separation of the Immaterium from the Materium. That was the whole reason Spirit Stones were invented in the first place. After he got eaten by Slannesh, all four had much more freedom to act.
Note that I make no claim to being an expert on 40k lore.
That said, I dont think that makes much sense based on what we know happened when the Eldar gods came to blows with the Four.
I mean, when Slaanesh was born, she ate literally all of the Eldar Pantheon save three.
Khaine was too strong to eat, but was shattered into fragments. Cegorach ran away and hid in the Webway. Nurgle intervened against Slaanesh to save Ishtar and imprison her in his Garden.
One Chaos God wrecked the entirety of the Eldar Pantheon. ONE.
And note that Slaanesh is not identified as being significantly more powerful than any of the other three.
I dont see how the Eldar Pantheon would have been able to keep the other three walled away from the Materium.
They demonstrably dont have the mystical firepower to do any such thing.
Note that I make no claim to being an expert on 40k lore.
That said, I dont think that makes much sense based on what we know happened when the Eldar gods came to blows with the Four.
I mean, when Slaanesh was born, she ate literally all of the Eldar Pantheon save three.
Khaine was too strong to eat, but was shattered into fragments. Cegorach ran away and hid in the Webway. Nurgle intervened against Slaanesh to save Ishtar and imprison her in his Garden.
One Chaos God wrecked the entirety of the Eldar Pantheon. ONE.
And note that Slaanesh is not identified as being significantly more powerful than any of the other three.
I dont see how the Eldar Pantheon would have been able to keep the other three walled away from the Materium.
They demonstrably dont have the mystical firepower to do any such thing.
Slaanesh isn't particularly powerful because Asurmen fought her. After that, she was noticeable weaker than what she was before.
The Eldar pantheon was really, really strong.
Slaanesh isn't particularly powerful because Asurmen fought her. After that, she was noticeable weaker than what she was before.
The Eldar pantheon was really, really strong.
But she ate him. Ate almost all his colleagues. Is still eating the Eldar.
None of the lore I've seen suggests that Asuryan or Khaine or any of the others crippled her or had any lasting effect on her when she thrashed the Eldar Pantheon. If you have any citations to the contrary, I would appreciate seeing it
I mean, sure they were strong. Im not disputing that. Strong enough to impede the Three became Four? That doesnt seem to have been the case.
If you were strong enough and knowledgeable enough and dutiful enough to keep Chaos from the Materium, surely you'd be waiting to shank Slaanesh as she/it was born.
But she ate him. Ate almost all his colleagues. Is still eating the Eldar.
None of the lore I've seen suggests that Asuryan or Khaine or any of the others crippled her or had any lasting effect on her when she thrashed the Eldar Pantheon. If you have any citations to the contrary, I would appreciate seeing it
He gave up all of his power to the exodites and craftworlders before that, and also set up things to create the Phoenix lords.
By the way, sorry for the confusion, but he is called Asuryan. And the goddess is Isha.
Also, I don't think that consuming someone necessarily means you gain their powers. Case on point, Slaanesh itself.
From what I know, the Eldar pantheon prevented the other 3 gods from interfering in the material too much through a big wall in the Warp, and could have theoretically kept doing so had the Eldar not been lax in giving them their faith, so the Gods Slaanesh faced were faith starved for millenia, and their main worshippers were instead feeding that faith into Slaanesh
That's why they couldn't just kill Slaanesh, they were too hungry to do so (to my knowledge at least)
Edit: also Slaanesh was born inside that wall, so they couldn't just rely on the defenses they built up while they were strong to defeat her
He gave up all of his power to the exodites and craftworlders before that, and also set up things to create the Phoenix lords.
By the way, sorry for the confusion, but he is called Asuryan. And the goddess is Isha.
Also, I don't think that consuming someone necessarily means you gain their powers. Case on point, Slaanesh itself.
Even assuming this is true?
Giving up your power is not the sort of thing you do unless you are convinced you are going to lose a fistfight, or its part of some convoluted just as keikaku style machination. Given as he had the rest of the Pantheon as backup, that's suggestive.
I would genuinely appreciate sourcing for that, by the way. A lot of what I'm aware of in 40k is incomplete.
From what I know, the Eldar pantheon prevented the other 3 gods from interfering in the material too much through a big wall in the Warp, and could have theoretically kept doing so had the Eldar not been lax in giving them their faith, so the Gods Slaanesh faced were faith starved for millenia, and their main worshippers were instead feeding that faith into Slaanesh
That's why they couldn't just kill Slaanesh, they were too hungry to do so (to my knowledge at least)
Given as Chaos did not need active worship to gain in strength, I doubt the Eldar Pantheon needed active worship to retain strength.
Certainly, if it were so Cegorach would have died the first time he tried to contend with Slaanesh for the soul of a Solitaire.
Is there a citation I can look up for the rest? A book, wiki article or something similar?
Because Im not finding anything backing up that claim, and they had literally millenia of warning of Slaanesh's coming.
Even assuming this is true?
Giving up your power is not the sort of thing you do unless you are convinced you are going to lose a fistfight, or its part of some convoluted just as keikaku style machination. Given as he had the rest of the Pantheon as backup, that's suggestive.
I would genuinely appreciate sourcing for that, by the way. A lot of what I'm aware of in 40k is incomplete.
The source is basically every craftworlders codex.
Also, don't underestimate the Eldar. They are masters of the keikaku game when they aren't blindsided, and Cegorach is now basically the God that represent that aspect.
I'm pretty sure it's canon Slaneshi had a big birth boost when it came into being allowing it to pull a lot of shit it wouldn't normally be able to do. Like birthing the Eye of Terror the biggest Warp Storm in the galaxy isn't something Chaos can normally do without super massive set up but little baby Slaneshi did that basically as a side effect of being born. So Slaneshi being able to beat and eat the Eldar gods seemingly super easy is probably related to that short term birth boost and maybe a conceptual connection because of Slaneshi's connection to the Eldar than Chaos being that strong normally
I think it is kind of implied that before the Birth of She who Thirsts the other three were not really awake and certainly could not pool their powers as Chaos Undivided, maybe it's because they were out of balance. Nurgle opposed Tzeench, but no one opposed Khorne so they did not have the stalemate that engenders their version of cooperation.
I think it is kind of implied that before the Birth of She who Thirsts the other three were not really awake and certainly could not pool their powers as Chaos Undivided, maybe it's because they were out of balance. Nurgle opposed Tzeench, but no one opposed Khorne so they did not have the stalemate that engenders their version of cooperation.
It's also just that the warp was calmer and the eye of terror didn't exist. Without the eye of terror acting as an open festering wound in the materium the chaos gods ability to act directly was greatly limited. They didn't have a whole infinitely stretched zone of endless space to muster armies in and send them out in the materium.
And with the eye acting as a projector for chaos corruption into the materium Chaos has an easier time corrupting mortals than ever before.
Actually come to think of it the Chaos Gods without Slaanesh would have Khorne even more ascendant than he is now, Khorne god of war. It is possible that this fact made the others too inclined to internecine conflict in the warp to give much thought to the Materium.
Actually come to think of it the Chaos Gods without Slaanesh would have Khorne even more ascendant than he is now, Khorne god of war. It is possible that this fact made the others too inclined to internecine conflict in the warp to give much thought to the Materium.
Slaanesh is also in the unique spot of representing sin in general, rather than specific ones like the others. There is a theory that Slaanesh is just a gestating baby Chaos Undivided god.
Probably not as strong as all Chaos Gods combined but Chaos spends most of its time fighting itself anyway, and if the Eldar Pantheon equaled one Chaos God then they could have stalemated them indefinitely. In that case, two Chaos Gods would have to fight them, which would end with both of them exhausted and being easy prey for the last Chaos God.
That's at least what I think, based on Tzeentch being conspicuously absent during the Fall of the Eldar.
That one god also was literally chest-bursting its way out of the collective psyche of the Eldar, unlike any other god that could have tried that.
Probably not as strong as all Chaos Gods combined but Chaos spends most of its time fighting itself anyway, and if the Eldar Pantheon equaled one Chaos God then they could have stalemated them indefinitely. In that case, two Chaos Gods would have to fight them, which would end with both of them exhausted and being easy prey for the last Chaos God.
That's at least what I think, based on Tzeentch being conspicuously absent during the Fall of the Eldar.
The eldar pantheon deals with the chaos gods by maintaining alternates to them. Kain and Korn, Tzeech and Cegorach. Isha is even to an extent a counter to Nurgle. The Eldar prevented their energy from feeding the chaos gods by feeding it to something else first. Slaanesh came about after being deliberately fed the power that would otherwise have gone to the Eldar pantheon and was specifically created to eat them. It's part of Slaanesh's inherent nature to consume everything eldar, even their gods. Interestingly enough even Slaanesh has a counterpart in the Eldar pantheon, it's just a god who isn't born yet.
It's also just that the warp was calmer and the eye of terror didn't exist. Without the eye of terror acting as an open festering wound in the materium the chaos gods ability to act directly was greatly limited. They didn't have a whole infinitely stretched zone of endless space to muster armies in and send them out in the materium.
And with the eye acting as a projector for chaos corruption into the materium Chaos has an easier time corrupting mortals than ever before.
And unfortunately, Human interstellar civilization just happens to arise just before they can act.
But once they could, humans were everywhere. And they are entities of least resistence. They want easy feasts. Humans were likely the most psykically active species in large numbers they could feast on. Then a Golden Asshole decided to try and rain on their parade.
Which brings up the shitty thing for Eris: Humanity needs that asshole to continue existing now. He's the main thing limiting Chaos from feasting on all human souls all they want when they die. And we have to keep his empire around as well for now.
For all the shittiness that it is, they are now one of the only forces in the galaxy left able to actually put up an organized fight against things like Tyranids or Black Crusades that isnt also insane(most necron), explictly planning to murder all humans once they rebuild(ALL non-exodite Aeldari) or are Orks. At least theres a potentional to somehow co-exist with the IoM after a lot of fucking ground-work.
In other words, our survival is best served right now by reforming the IoM to not be shitty while keeping the Imperial Cult around(de-shitting it as well).
Because no one but Orns can take the hit really. We dont want Orks taking the hit. Kratman was excommunicated for a good reason.
The source is basically every craftworlders codex.
Also, don't underestimate the Eldar. They are masters of the keikaku game when they aren't blindsided, and Cegorach is now basically the God that represent that aspect.
I was hoping for a somewhat more specific citation.
Noone has underestimated the pre-Fall Eldar.
Even post-Fall and post-splintering into multiple Factions the Eldar remain a major force to deal with. We've seen feats up to Farseers calming Warp storms and closing Warp rifts. Of Comorragh stealing suns.
But we've also seen remarkable fumbles, like Eldrad warning Fulgrim of Horus falling to Chaos, after Fulgrim himself had fallen to Chaos, and not noticing anything was amiss. Asserting they or their gods could physically impede Chaos access to the rest of the galaxy? Thats the sort of assertion that requires textual backup.
I'm pretty sure it's canon Slaneshi had a big birth boost when it came into being allowing it to pull a lot of shit it wouldn't normally be able to do. Like birthing the Eye of Terror the biggest Warp Storm in the galaxy isn't something Chaos can normally do without super massive set up but little baby Slaneshi did that basically as a side effect of being born. So Slaneshi being able to beat and eat the Eldar gods seemingly super easy is probably related to that short term birth boost and maybe a conceptual connection because of Slaneshi's connection to the Eldar than Chaos being that strong normally
I think it is kind of implied that before the Birth of She who Thirsts the other three were not really awake and certainly could not pool their powers as Chaos Undivided, maybe it's because they were out of balance. Nurgle opposed Tzeench, but no one opposed Khorne so they did not have the stalemate that engenders their version of cooperation.
To the best of my knowledge thats not true, and I've not come across any citation that suggests otherwise.
Not as active in the Materium?
Sure, I can buy that; as far as I know, Warp entities require physical agents, and prior to the coming of the Imperium, Chaos did not have that many. Even the murderfucking Eldar might have taken actions that glorified Chaos, but they did not actively worship Chaos, and still dont.
But thats not the same thing as the initial Three sleeping.
Its just that they didnt have the agents until Abaddon led the First Black Crusade out of the Eye of Terror and basically flooded the galaxy with Chaos agents as the Imperium made conditions for the living worse after destroying most indigenous belief systems.
I mean, this part is my head canon?
But I very much draw a line of connection between the Adeptus Ministorum being allowed to proselytize based on Lorgar's book for thousands of years and eventually becoming the state church in early M32, and the upsurge of Chaos activity starting with the First Black Crusade in 781.M31.
It was coming out in the heart of their power, in a place where they were strongest and knew intimately. They knew something was Coming; there had been signs for thousands of years. If there was anyone who had a chance of literally crippling Slaanesh when she was born, it was the Eldar Pantheon. They still got punked.
Compare this to how Chaos had forewarning of the birth of Ynnead.
And actually did something about it.
A lot of this is admittedly plot fiat. And 40k notoriously is not designed to make sense.
Probably not as strong as all Chaos Gods combined but Chaos spends most of its time fighting itself anyway, and if the Eldar Pantheon equaled one Chaos God then they could have stalemated them indefinitely. In that case, two Chaos Gods would have to fight them, which would end with both of them exhausted and being easy prey for the last Chaos God.
That's at least what I think, based on Tzeentch being conspicuously absent during the Fall of the Eldar.
Chaos did not care about that when Slaanesh and Khorne, the two Chaos Gods most opposed to each other, allied to attempt to impede the birth of Ynnead by sending an invasion force into invading first the Exodite World of Ursulia, then Biel-Tan.
Chaos almost always is able to cooperate in the face of existential threats.
The eldar pantheon deals with the chaos gods by maintaining alternates to them. Kain and Korn, Tzeech and Cegorach. Isha is even to an extent a counter to Nurgle. The Eldar prevented their energy from feeding the chaos gods by feeding it to something else first. Slaanesh came about after being deliberately fed the power that would otherwise have gone to the Eldar pantheon and was specifically created to eat them. It's part of Slaanesh's inherent nature to consume everything eldar, even their gods. Interestingly enough even Slaanesh has a counterpart in the Eldar pantheon, it's just a god who isn't born yet.
1)Yeah Im going to ask for a citation for this one.
Cegorach is the God of Tricksters and Artists; Tzeentch is the God of Change, Evolution, Sorcery and Intrigue.
Khaine is the God of War; Khorne is the God of War, Blood and Murder.
Isha is the Goddess of Fertility, Life, Growth, Harvest, Healing and Growth. Nurgle is the God of Death, Decay, Disease, Despair and Destruction.
Calling them alternates seems like a stretch.
2) No, Slaanesh does not have a counterpart.
The portfolios of Slaanesh and Ynnead have no overlap whatsoever that I am aware; one is the God of pleasure, passion, excess and decadence, while the other is the Eldar God of the Dead. Their only relationship is that both have a claim on the souls of the Eldar.
If Ynnead had a counterpart, it would be Nurgle; they are both gods of death.
But that does not seem to be the way mythology in 40k works. Courtesy of r/40kLore, this is about sourcing black market rejuvenation drugs in the Imperium:
After posting what it's like to be a regular human being digested by a Tyranid bio-ship, I thought I'd spotlight another one from the 40l universe's grimdark ways of killing you. But this time, no xenos needed.
Bloodlines by Chris Wraight is the first book in the Warhammer Crime imprint. Like all of Wraight's work, it's excellent - a noir detective mystery involving the disappearance of the heir to a business dynasty.
It's set on the sprawling hive city of Varangantua, far from the front lines, where the wars and crises of the Imperium seem more rumor than fact and people are engaged in the age old human activities of making money by breaking the law. The excerpt below is from the perspective of Agusto Zidarov, an Arbites Probator (detective) talking to his buddy Brecht, another Probator who happens to be an alcoholic. Zidarov is the hard-bitten protagonist of the novel, an everyman of the Imperium just trying to do his job while facing up to some of the worst that humans can do to other humans:
Article:
Zidarov drained his mug. 'I remember when I started out,' he said. 'I was on a squad with Berjer in the sanctioners – remember him? I thought he was a proper bastard back then, but now I've met more of them I think he was actually all right. We had a call-up, and I didn't know what the assignment code meant, and he told me it was cell-drainers. And I told him I didn't know what that meant either, and he thought that was hilarious. And then he sat me down and said, you know rejuve serum? The stuff the gilded stick in their veins to make them look like they're twenty-five even when their kidneys are packing up and their grandchildren are starting their own families? I said yes. He said, well, where do you think it comes from? And like a groxprod I told him there were labs where they made it.'
Brecht silently ordered another. The fug in the bar got a little lighter as the morning waxed in the streets outside, but the windows were still opaque with condensation and grime.
'And there are labs. Lots of them, and they make plenty of on-the-books slate. Vongella's probably spent half her stipend there for twenty years, and it's all legit. But then he put his hand on my shoulder, and he shook me up like I was some dumb canid and he said that whenever there's an expensive, safe thing, there's also a cheap, dangerous thing. And then he told me how it works, and that you can bypass the cultivators by just harvesting the plasma and the stem-cells direct from the living marrow, and if you're really after the big margins and you have no soul or conscience you don't even need to use proper sedatives. And he told me how long it takes for the donors to die, and how painful it is, and how you're swapping the young for hideous old bastards with more slate than morals, and it's going on all over Varangantua, and has been for years. It's worse than kidnap. It's worse than murder. They steal… youth.'
'He wanted to shock me, I think, and he did, even though I didn't really believe it, and thought it was just another story to scare the newblood. So then we actually went in and broke up the den, and I saw what was left of the luckless buggers strapped into those machines, and I thought I'd never stop throwing up. Didn't sleep for a few nights after that. I was single then, so I just stayed in the bars downclave and got properly dosed.'
'So I liked breaking up those things, after that. I liked using a maul on the ones who tricked those poor bastards into the dens. Draj told me he'd hook them up to their own machines, this morning. Draj doesn't always talk complete shit.'
The worst thing about this excerpt is that it's not something that doesn't happen in some fashion in our own society and time. Human trafficking, organ harvesting...you don't need to be in 40k to understand how something like this is possible, and what awful things people will do for financial gain. That's the real grimdarkness of this.
But we've also seen remarkable fumbles, like Eldrad warning Fulgrim of Horus falling to Chaos, after Fulgrim himself had fallen to Chaos, and not noticing anything was amiss. Asserting they or their gods could physically impede Chaos access to the rest of the galaxy? Thats the sort of assertion that requires textual backup.
Notably the signs of corruption for Fulgrim was being so awestruck by the beauty of the Eldar Maiden Worlds that he could not bear to spoil them. You can kind of see why they Eldar might think he would be sympathetic to them.
Notably the signs of corruption for Fulgrim was being so awestruck by the beauty of the Eldar Maiden Worlds that he could not bear to spoil them. You can kind of see why they Eldar might think he would be sympathetic to them.
As @darknessworld points out, Fulgrim was quite literally carrying a demonsword.
A demonsword which was the physical vessel of a Greater Demon of Slaanesh. You know, the literal nemesis of the Eldar species and destroyer of the old Eldar Empire. Whose hunger for their souls is a constant of the lives of every Eldar post-Fall.
If arguably the most powerful and most knowledgeable Eldar Farseer of the post-Fall Asuryani cannot detect the presence of a greater servant of She Who Thirsts before approaching its bearer, it serves as a very stark reminder of the limits of Eldar......everything.
