What is this?
A quest set in the world of
The Widening Gyre, an alternate history timeline which explores a different Great War in which an America led by William Jennings Bryan stays neutral, causing the conflict to last a year longer. In the timeline, this ultimately leads to successful socialist revolutions in Italy, Germany, and elsewhere, but this quest will start in 1918, when the Great War is still ongoing and it looks as if Germany might be on the verge of victory.
Do I have to read that whole thing?
Absolutely not! I will fill readers in on the most pertinent details here. If you are curious for more details about the Soviet situation, you can read
this post.
What are the main differences between TTL and ours?
American non-participation in the war has had a lot of downstream effects. The socialist labor movements in France and Britain are both stronger. Italy left the war in the middle of 1918, and has been wracked by internal instability since. In Germany, a much more totalitarian form of military dictatorship has emerged in response to a failed worker's revolution in late 1917. Most of its leaders managed to escape to Russia, but the antiwar centrists who led the way in ousting Ebert and Scheidemann in 1917 have been placed under house arrest. In East Asia, China never joined the war as an ally, and tensions are quickly increasing between them and Japan. America is still committed to neutrality, but pro-war Republicans have made gains in recent elections, and there is talk of impeachment.
I will discuss Soviet Russia more below, but the largest difference right now is the manner in which the Soviets seized power: not with a Bolshevik coup, but after an attempted counterrevolution is foiled by the red relief army of the "red aristocrat" Alexei Brusilov. This, along with Franco-British weakness, has led to a much weaker white movement.
How will this work?
In this quest, you will have control of Sovnarkom, the highest political body in the Soviet Union. Sovnarkom will meet every week. The actions you take will effect the extraordinarily volatile capitalist world-system, but if you are not careful, they might also invite reaction and intervention from foreign powers. At any point, you may submit an information request to the Soviet Bureaucracy, and I will offer a synopsis of the information that would likely be available. In addition, a section will be updated with every entry on "The State of the Revolution", with quantitative measures that will effect future choices, updates, and dynamics. It is probably best to pay attention to this! Over time, I will likely add new parameters and metrics.
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The Next Step in the Revolution
You are Sovnarkom, the council of people's commissars in which
de facto executive authority is vested. Less than a year ago, the reactionary general Lavr Kornilov marched to Petrograd and prepared to dissolve the city's Soviets, only to find most of his expeditionary force surrounded by the red relief army of Alexei Brusilov. In the following months, a Soviet government was proclaimed, composed of an uneasy coalition of Socialist-Revolutionaries, Bolsheviks, and Menshevik-Internationalists. Although you have been forced to sign a humiliating peace with Germany, the red armies have had many successes in the past year. Blow after blow has been dealt to the white forces, and it looks as if the Entente has given up funding them. Most of Belarus and the eastern half of Ukraine have been reconquered, and as we speak, Trotsky continues his advance into Central Siberia. The reunification of Russia under a worker's government is at hand.
Yet all is not well. The vindictive Treaty of Warsaw has been harshly criticized by a combination of left-SR's and left-communists. Lenin, the bolshevik leader and chairman of Sovnarkom, refused to direct Brusilov's army to conquer Petliura's German client state in Western Ukraine, fearing a resumption of hostilities. This enraged the opposition, who began plotting to call into session the Soviet Executive Committee, who they hoped would vote into power a government composed of left-SR's and left-communists. Yet they were quickly outmaneuvered by Lenin, who ousted the left-communist leader Nikolai Bukharin from his leadership position before securing the support of Julius Martov's left-Mensheviks, allowing him to form a new government of centrist bolsheviks and democratic socialists.
It now falls to you to determine how to make good this new windfall of political capital. Already, peasant unrest is proliferating throughout Central Russia in response to increasingly harsh grain requisitions. You have no allies abroad, though both the Germans and the Franco-British Entente have expressed interest in a diplomatic settlement. In fact, there is real evidence that Britain funded the left-communists, whom they hoped would seize power and return Russia to the war. It might be possible to make a deal with them that would strip the remnants of the white forces of their funding, but it would almost certainly mean re-entering the war.
Germany likely presents a more logical alliance partner. While they hold onto historically Russian lands in the Baltics, Poland, and Western Ukraine, a diplomatic settlement might lead to at least some of these being voluntarily ceded. The food situation in Germany is growing more and more desperate, which means that they are likely willing to make sizable concessions in return for grain shipments. On the other hand, this would likely require further grain requisitions, which would only exacerbate rural unrest. And some Bolsheviks believe that sending grain to Germany would prop up a dying regime on the verge of social revolution.
A mass worker's revolt led by Rosa Luxemburg did occur in late 1917 in Saxony and Berlin, but it was harshly repressed. Now, the entirety of the previous leadership of the Social Democrats has either been arrested or fled here, to Soviet Russia. Even right-wing social democrats like Ebert and Scheidemann have gone into "inner emigration", refusing to cooperate with the government. The party is now ostensibly led by a social-nationalist clique on its far-right, but few workers recognize their authority. Reports from Germany indicate that a clandestine movement of worker's councils has formed, though it is difficult to gauge the size or strength of this network.
Some of the Mensheviks suggest trying to procure technical and industrial assistance from America. Though most consider President William Jennings' Bryan to be a Bourgeoisie idealist, he has kept America out of the war and even hosted a conference of pacifist socialists. He has expressed concerns about the "Bolshevization" that the war might bring on, but also issued scathing denunciations of European Imperialism. He might be willing to agree to the resumption of trade relations, and perhaps even a set of foreign loans, but such a move would likely further alienate the left-communist faction.
The State of the Revolution
Current Composition of Sovnarkom
Position | Officeholder | Party |
Chairman | Vladmir Lenin | Bolshevik |
Head of Council-Administration. | Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich | Bolshevik |
Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. | Adolph Joffe | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Agriculture | Vladimir Milyutin | Bolshevik |
People's Commissar of Military Affairs | Joseph Stalin | Bolshevik |
People's Commissar of Naval Affairs | Pavel Dybenko | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Labour | Julius Martov | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry | David Riazanov | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Education | Anatoly Lunacharsky | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Food | Matvey Skobelev | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs | Alexei Rykov | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Justice | Nikolai Kylenko | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Nationalities. | Sergo Ordzhonikidze | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs | Lev Kamenev | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Railways | Victor Nogin | Bolshevik |
People's Commissariat for Finance | Yuri Lurin | Social-Democratic |
People's Commissariat for Social Welfare | Alexandra Kollantai | Bolshevik |
People's Commissar for Local Self Government | Lev Karakhan | Social-Democratic |
Foreign Policy
Britain is currently led by
Bonar Law's Tories, which have the ideology of
British Conservatism. Relations are…
Poor (25/100)
Germany is currently led by
Ludendorff's military dictatorship, which has the ideology of
Proto-Fascism. Relations are…
Skeptical (30/100)
America is currently led by William Jennings Bryan, governing in coalition with progressive republicans and northern democrats. These have an ideology ranging from
technocratic social liberalism to
populist industrial democracy. Relations are currently
Mediocre (40/100).
Relations with the Ukrainian Soviet Republic are
Good (65/100)
The Ukrainian Soviet Republic's level of autonomy is
High (75/100).
Tensions on the western frontier are
Boiling (85/100,
relations with Germany -5 per turn)
Political
The government's support among the Urban Working Class is…
Robust (75/100)
The government's support among the Urban Middle Class is…
Middling (50/100)
The government's support among the Russian Peasantry is
Weak (30/100)
The standard of living for the Urban Working Class is…
Impoverished (25/100)
The standard of living among the Urban Middle Class is…
Insecure (35/100).
The standard of living for the peasantry is…
Impoverished (20/100)
The power of the Bolsheviks is
predominant (50/100)
Among the Urban Working Class, the Bolsheviks are…
Beloved (90/100)
Among the Peasantry, the Bolsheviks are…
Mistrusted (35/100)
Right now, the Bolsheviks are dominated by the
Leninist Center, which holds 75/100 of the party's political capital, ahead of Kamenev's right-bolsheviks (15/100) and the left-communists (10/100).
The power of the Mensheviks is
influential (15/100)
Among the Urban Working Class, the Mensheviks are…
Trusted (65/100)
Among the Peasantry, the Mensheviks are…
Mistrusted (35/100)
Right now, the Left-SR's are
acclaimed (80/100) by the peasantry, their power is
significant (10/100) and they are
mistrustful (35/100) of the present government!
Military
The size of the Red Army is
mediocre (40/100)
The morale of the Red Army is
good (65/100)
The quality, supply, technological sophistication and training of the Red army is
pathetic (15/100)
…Leading to an Army strength (size + morale/quality times .5) of
Weak (787.5/5000)
Right now, the Red Army keeps around 70% of its forces in the west, giving us a western frontier strength of
551
The size of the German Army is
large (80/100)
The morale of the German Army is
waning (35/100)
The quality, supply, technological sophistication and training of the German Army is
robust (70/100)
…Leading to an Army Strength of (4025/5000)
Very Strong
Right now, Germany keeps around 20% of its forces in the east, giving them a western frontier strength of 805, to which should be added the Austrian Eastern Army Strength of
905, the Western Ukrainian army strength of
150, and the Finnish Army strength of
60, giving a total of
1920.
Right now, the likely result of a confrontation with Germany would be
Abysmal (0/100) (Formula: German Army Strength - Soviet Army Strength/10.)
Sovnarkom Meeting, September 2nd, 1918
On the Matter of Relations with Germany (Pick 1)
[] A Time for Peace: Lenin proposes that we begin a second round of negotiations with Germany that will formalize the terms of the Treaty of Warsaw, end the frontier violence, and allow for the new Soviet state to be consolidated. Moving forward with this proposal might allow us to gain additional territories in the west, but we would likely be forced to pay reparations to Germany in the form of food and currency, placing a strain on the already fragile social peace. Lenin points out that an intensification of the fighting with Germany would likely lead to even greater strains placed on our food system as we are forced to draft more peasants into the army.
[] The Middle Way: The People's Commissariat for Social Welfare Alexandra Kollantai proposes a "middle way". She presents a plan to gradually wind down fighting in the west without coming to an explicit, formal detente with Germany. She contends that this will allow the Soviet state to consolidate itself without requiring it to give aid to Ludendorff's military dictatorship. Rykov speaks at length against this plan, arguing that the fledgling Ukrainian Soviet Republic would likely collapse without the continued flow of Soviet aid. Reducing our aid to partisans in the Baltics, Ukraine, and Finland would likely lead to a worst of both worlds scenario: a strengthened Germany with no reason to negotiate, because we have voluntarily removed our largest sources of leverage.
[] Once More Into the Breach: Speaking as a "Devil's Advocate", the Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, Adolph Joffe, describes a series of clandestine offers received from Britain for Entente aid in return for a resumption of war with Germany. While the Soviet Army is in no place to fight, it appears as if the allies have achieved technological supremacy in the west; joining the war again and forcing Germany to divert forces to the east might allow the British-French coalition to achieve a breakthrough. Of course, the Bolsheviks came to power promising an end to the war, and rejoining it would likely not go over very well with their core supporters…
On the Matter of the Left-SR's (Pick 1)
[] A Worker's, not a Peasant's Republic: The left-SR's may have been removed from Sovnarkom, but there are still 26 of them on the Soviet Executive Committee, a body which still possesses significant legislative powers. The commissar Alexei Rykov describes a plan to redistrict and redestribute the Soviets to give even greater weight to urban areas, which are already overrepresented. Lenin approves of this proposal, but some Bolsheviks privately worry that such a move would benefit the Mensheviks more than the Bolsheviks, as their support is even more concentrated in Urban areas.
[] Keep Soviet Elections Fair: Julius Martov contends that the present system works perfectly adequately, and that there is little reason to redistrict the Soviets. He points out that the Left-SR's have been loyal to the government thus far, and that engaging in such a gerrymander would only inflame the tensions that do exist. Some fear, however, that the Left-Socialist-Revolutionaries will act to obstruct the requisition of grain so long as they sit on the executive committee - this includes the Menshevik Commissar of Food, Matvey Skobelev.
On the Matter of Leon Trotsky (Pick 1)
[] Continue the drive into Siberia: Leon Trotsky, the commander of the 1st Red Army in Central Siberia, is known to have sympathies for the left-communists. He recently lost his position as a people's commissar, but he has not yet been formally relieved of his military command. Navy Commissar Pavel Dybenko believes there is little reason to remove him from his position, and argues that sacking Trotsky would likely harm morale in the army and give Kornilov time to regroup and consolidate his forces. Besides, once Trotsky is successful in defeating Kornilov's army, Sovnarkom will be at leisure to decide what to do with him.
[] Sack the Red Bonaparte: Joseph Stalin contends that the left-communist Trotsky cannot be trusted, and warns of a "Bonapartist conspiracy" in the military. While Trotsky was not implicated in the Entente financing of Bukharin's Moscow Circle, he does have a loyal following in the army. If the left-communists were to ever grow in popularity, he would be a formidable ally to have, though Rykov notes that their influence in the party has been decimated following the emergency congress in August.