A pro-science, transhumanist religion doesn't exist in real life, but it could definitely exist in Alternate History.
In the year 1549 CE, after Askia Daoud is crowned the new ruler of the Songhai Empire, everyone in Gao (the capital) receives a vision. This vision is by the Omnissiah himself. Omnissiah reveals the grimdark future of humanity 38,500 years in the future. The Omnissiah informs them that it is their duty to spread their new faith and upgrade humanity to prevail against the future alien apocalypse.
Not to leave his new disciples empty-handed, the Omnissiah provides his new disciples with two new tools. Firstly, the Omnissiah provides the Songhai with 10,000 Serberys Raiders horses along with Galvanic Carbines. The Omnissiah also provides the Songhai with a prayer. After the prayer is performed, if a person jumps into a pool of molten steel, there is a 35% chance they die a horrible and painful death. There is however a 65% chance that their body gets transmuted into iron, giving them the strength, speed, and durability of a rhinoceros; along with agelessness and sterility. Swimming would be ill-advised though or they could potentially rust. Finally, the Omnissiah provides the Songhai with vague hints to help them industrialize. Once the Songhai industrialize, they'll be able to maintain and reproduce their current equipment.
With a new holy mission to fulfill and tools to accomplish it, how will world history change? Will the Songhai conquer Morrocco instead of the other way around. Will the Muslims of North Africa launch a jihad against the Songhai Empire? Will the Songhai Empire continue the Atlantic slave trade? Will the Songhai Empire become more advanced than the contemporary Europeans by next century? Can the Songhai Empire expand out of Africa and obtain colonies of its own? Can Cult Mechanicus overtake Buddhism, Islam, or even Christianity as one of the world's largest religions? Will humanity have gone full transhumanist Mechanicus by the current year? What else?