How Damage Works:
In melee, you roll to hit vs the enemy rolling to block/dodge/parry. If you win the roll, the damage is the difference between your to-hit roll and the enemies defense roll, plus modifiers like Strength and Weapon damage mods, minus the armor value of the area. Think of the difference between rolls being how accurate the hit is. High differential means we got a very solid blow in, low difference means we clipped them with the fist.
An example:
We attack Callsign 'Diavlo' and roll a total of 9 for our attack. He rolls a 4 on his dodge roll. We now do 9-4 damage + 3(example Strength) for a total of 8 damage. Then we roll hit location, lets say the shoulder.
'Bugsy' has armor value of 3 there. So 8-3 is 5 damage.
Now, each damage type has a damage table that determines how muchdamage you must deal to cause a glancing, minor, or major wounds. Glancing wounds do 1 strike, minor do 3 strikes and usually come with some other penalty, and major wounds do 5 strikes and cause serious havoc, often taking off limbs and such. Trulypowerful hits can outright destroy the targeted location, and if a central part of the body is destroyed (anything from the eyes to the pelvis), the target dies instantly.
Damage Reference Charts here are what you consult to tell what kind of wound is done by a weapon depending on the total damage of the hit and the damage type of the weapon used.
Ranged attacks work very similarly, except rather than taking the differencebetween our roll and the Kaiju's, the difference between our roll and the minimum to-hit number for the ranged weapon determines the bonus'accuracy' damage.