"No sooner was the agreement of marriage concluded, than the comissioners proceeded to a yet more important negotiation. On the twenty-fourth of the same month of January, 1502, a perpetual peace was concluded between England and Scotland, upon the following terms.
I. In all times to come there shall be an inviolable peace between the two kings, their heirs, and lawful hereditary successors; and their dominions, and subjects of every denomination.
2. Neither of the said Kings, nor of their successors, shall favour rebels against each other, but shall imprison, and deliver them up, if in their power.
3. All safe-conducts, or promises of protection,g ranted by either king to subjects of the other, of whatever rank, shall be recalled; and never renewed except by consent of their own sovereign, and even in that case of one year only.
4. If either king be attacked, the other shall assist him with as many forces, and as often, as required, provided that the assisting troops be paid by the monarch assailed: nor shall any former league be urged as an obstacle to this agreement.
5. The Scotish king shall not molest, nor besiege, the town, or castle, of Berwick; nor shall their inhabitants disturb the Scotish subjects.
6. The allies of both kings to be comprehended, if they chuse; namely the kings of the Romans, France, Spain, Denmark, and the archduke of Austria, for both; Venice, Ferrara, Savoy, the Hanse Towns, for England: Alsace, Cleves, Brandenburg, for Scotland: their consenet to be notified within eight months, else they shall be regarded as excluded: and either King may assist his ally, if attacked by the other; but not by an invasion of each other's dominions.
7. No violation of this treaty, by the subjects of either realm, shall be construed a decisive infringement; but in case of a delay of redress by either monarch, he whose subjects are injured may grant reprisals, either by land or sea, according to the wrong.
8. The death of James, or Margaret, before marriage, shall not frustrate this pacification, except either of the kings or their heirs shall notify, within two months after such an event,t hat he withdraws from the treaty: but even in this case the truce of 1499, for the life of the survivor, is to remain in full effect.
9. The successors to either kingdom shall ratify the alliance, within six months after their accession. The contracting kings shall swear observance of this treaty, within three months after the marriage: and, finally, the sanction of the pontiff to this peace shall be obtained before the first of July 1503, and the violator shall incur excommunication.
Thus was a pacification established between England and Scotland, being the first since the year 1332, when Edward III infringed that concluded with Robert I. The nations had suffered one hundred and seventy years of wars, and dubious truces. Untaught by experience, they were agian, in the course of ten years, to resume their ancient enmity."